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2375137
Cognitive Psychology - Memory
Description
Studies on memory for as level psychology.
No tags specified
a levels
as level psychology
as level
psychology
cognitive psychology
memory
Mind Map by
megan langdon
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
megan langdon
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Cognitive Psychology - Memory
Duration
STM
Peterson & Peterson
Method
Ppts shown nonsense trigram
3 random consonants
Asked to recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 secs.
During pause - asked to count backwards in 3s from given no
Interference task
Results
After 3 secs - about 80% trigrams recalled correctly
After 18 secs recall = 10%
Conc
When rehearsal prevented - very little can stay in STM for longer than about 18 secs
Evaluation
Lab experiment
Variables tightly controlled
Results likely to be reliable
Nonsense trigrams
Artificial
Lacks eco validity
Meaningful / 'real-life' memories may last longer in STM
Only 1 type of stimulus used
STM may depend upon stimulus
Each ppt saw multiple trigrams
Could've led to confusion
Meaning 1st trigram was only realistic task
VLTMs
Bahrick et al
Method
Field experiment
392 people asked to list names of ex-classmates
'Free-recall test'
Shown photos
Asked - recall names of people shown
Photo - recog test
Or given names
Asked to match to photo of classmate
Name - recog test
Results
W/in 15 yrs of leaving school
Ppts recall about 90% names & faces
About 60% accurate on free - recall
W/in 30 yrs - free recall = 30% accurate
After 48 yrs - name recog about 80% & photo recog about 40%
Conc
Shows evidence of VLTMs in 'real life setting'
Recog = better than recall
May be huge store of info
But not always easy to access all of it
Need help to get it
Evaluation
Field experiment
High eco validity
Hard to control all variables
Less reliable
No way of knowing why info recalled so well
Showed better recall than other studies in LTM
May be because info was meaningful
Type of info could be rehearsed
If still in touch w/ ex classmates / if talk to friends about memories of classmates
Results can't be gen to other types of info held in LTM
Increasing rates of recall
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