2660510
Description
Mind Map by Mike Exton, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Mike Exton
about 9 years ago
|
|
Ecosystem functioning and services
- Ecosystem and services
- Ecosystems are dynamic interrelated
collections of living and non-living
components organised in self-regulating
units
- Ecosystem by scale
- Microbial to global
- Biotically defined
- Foundation species
- Ecological unit
- Foundation species
- Abiotically
defined
- Nature of physical
environment
- Nature of physical
environment
- Microbial to global
- Ecosystems are dynamic interrelated
collections of living and non-living
components organised in self-regulating
units
- Systems
- Systems are built on connectivity,
within ecosystems or between
ecosystems.
- Systems by connectivity
- E.g. fish moving between geographical regions
- A system defined by connectivity: subcomponents of system cannot be treated in isolation
- E.g. fish moving between geographical regions
- Members of
the system
- Spatial
relationship
- e.g. Ecosystems are usually biotically
or abiotically defined
- e.g. Ecosystems are usually biotically
or abiotically defined
- Connectivity of
processes
relationship
- E.g. Food-web,
Nutrients etc
- Network of
ecosystems
- E.g. Food-web,
Nutrients etc
- Spatial
relationship
- Systems are built on connectivity,
within ecosystems or between
ecosystems.
- Ecosystem function
- What ecosystems do: it is an old concept
- Nutrient uptake
- Bioturbation
- Biomass production
- Nutrient uptake
- Functions at
different scales
- Microbial scale
- Plankton ecosystem
- Primary production etc
- Primary production etc
- Plankton ecosystem
- Big scale
- Plankton
ecosystem
- Regulation of fisheries
and food webs etc
- Regulation of fisheries
and food webs etc
- Plankton
ecosystem
- Global
ecosystem
- Climate regulation
- Climate regulation
- Microbial scale
- 'Functioning'
- Operating of and/ or performances of:
- Selected processes and
properties of the system.
E.g. oxygen uptake,
bioturbation.
- The system as a whole.
E.g. How the systems
life-persistence
mechanisms work.
- Selected processes and
properties of the system.
E.g. oxygen uptake,
bioturbation.
- The roles played in the workings of the system. E.g. role
played by predator, prey etc. NTR: Same role can
performed by different actors.
- Providing benefit to people. ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES. Noticable difference is the
benefit a system provides.
- Operating of and/ or performances of:
- What ecosystems do: it is an old concept
- Ecosystem services
- Ecosystem provide goods and services to
people. This distunguishes itself from
"functions".
- "Services by natural environments that benefit people"
- "Services by natural environments that benefit people"
- Four classes of
services. (PRSC).
- Provisioning service. E.g.
food, water etc
- Regulation service.
E.g. Carbon
sequestration,
Coastal proctection
- Supporting
services. e.g.
Nutrient cycling,
primary production
- Cultural
services
- Provisioning service. E.g.
food, water etc
- Constanza et al. 1997. 33 trillion
dollars for global ecosystem
services per annum
- Cost benefit analysis: cost
of maintaining/ cost of
losing
- Cost benefit analysis: cost
of maintaining/ cost of
losing
- Ecosystem provide goods and services to
people. This distunguishes itself from
"functions".
- Failing functions and services
- Will occur when services or expected function change or fail.
- E.g. natural coastal protection loss leads to terrestrial land erosion
- E.g Poor water quality for fish leads to mortality
- E.g. natural coastal protection loss leads to terrestrial land erosion
- Why do ecosystems fail?
- There are key cornerstones
that must be met
- Intrinsic abiotic and biotic properties
- Species compostion
- Chemical and physical gradients
- Species compostion
- Extrinsic forcing agents and links
- Drivers such as climate weather tc.
- Factors associated with biotic
and abiotic connectivity.
- Drivers such as climate weather tc.
- Intrinsic abiotic and biotic properties
- Thresholds
- Tolerance and gradient
ranges
- Systems exist within their tolerance range
along gradients in abiotic and biotic factors.
- Systems lie along multiple
interacting gradients.
- Systems lie along multiple
interacting gradients.
- Systems exist within their tolerance range
along gradients in abiotic and biotic factors.
- There are key cornerstones
that must be met
- Functional regime
- Made up of the
intrinsic biotic and
abiotic properties
- Extrinsic
forcing agents
and links
- Made up of the
intrinsic biotic and
abiotic properties
- Will occur when services or expected function change or fail.
- Conclusion
- Function will depend on where, along the gradients of
interacting intrinsic and extrinsic regimes the system is
positioned.
- Shift a gradient and it will affect the
system and the whole functional
regime.
- Systems might collapse if the nature of
inherent and external properties shift
too far from system tolerance ranges.
- Regime shift
- Shift in general characteristics
of biotic/ abiotic factors
- Extremes can also result in regime shifts. But are
determined by value and duration
- Shift in general characteristics
of biotic/ abiotic factors
- Shift a gradient and it will affect the
system and the whole functional
regime.
- Function will depend on where, along the gradients of
interacting intrinsic and extrinsic regimes the system is
positioned.
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.