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2786314
Polysaccharides
Description
A Levels Biology (Biology Unit 2) Mind Map on Polysaccharides, created by Jessica Phillips on 22/05/2015.
No tags specified
carbohydrates
biology
polysaccharides
glycogen
starch
cellulose
biology unit 2
unit 2
as biology
amylose
amylopectin
a level
cell biology
biology
biology unit 2
a levels
Mind Map by
Jessica Phillips
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Jessica Phillips
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Polysaccharides
Starch
The main energy storage material in plants
Cells get energy from glucose
Plants store excess glucose as starch
When a plant needs more glucose for energy it breaks down starch to release the glucose
Starch is a mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha-glucose
Amylose
A long, unbranched chain of alpha-glucose
The angles of the glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structure
This makes it compact
Good for storage because you can fit more into a small space
Amylopectin
A long, branched chain of alpha glucose
Its side branches allow enzymes that break down the molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily
This means glucose can be released quickly
Starch is insoluble in water, so it doesn't cause water to enter the cell by osmosis
Will cause them to swell
This makes it good for storage
Glycogen
The main energy storage material in animals
Animals cells get energy from glucose
Animals store excess glucose as glycogen
A polysaccharide of alpha-glucose
Structure is similar to amylopectin
Glycogen has more side branches
Stored glucose can be released quickly
Important for energy release in animals
Very compact molecule
Good for storage
Cellulose
The major component of cell walls in plants
Long, unbranched chains of beta-glucose
The bonds between sugars are straight
Cellulose chains are straight
Cellulose chains linked together by hydrogen bonds to form strong fibres called microfibrils
Strong fibres mean cellulose provides structural support for cells
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