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33858995
CH 8: Photosynthesis
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Biology Mind Map on CH 8: Photosynthesis, created by dumb himbo on 11/10/2021.
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dumb himbo
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dumb himbo
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CH 8: Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
does not produce oxygen
4 different bacterial groups: purple, green sulfur, green nonsulfur, and heliobacteria
releases sulfur
Oxygenic Photosynthesis
does produce oxygen
in cyanobacteria, 7 groups of algae, ALL land plants
photosynthesis takes place in leaves
cells of plant leaves have chloroplasts
CHLOROPLASTS
GRANA: stacks of flattened sacs of thylakoid membrane
THYLAKOID MEMBRANE: internal membrane
contains chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments
pigments clustered into photosystems
PIGMENTS
molecules that absorb light energy in visible range
PHOTON: particle of light; discrete bundle of energy
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT: removal of an electron from a molecule by light
2 types in green plant photosynthesis
CHLOROPHYLLS
CHLOROPHYLL a
main pigment
directly converts light energy to chemical energy
absorbs violet-blue and red light
CHLOROPHYLL b
accessory pigment
absorbs light wavelengths that chlorophyll a does not absorb
CHLOROPHYLL STRUCTURE
PORPHYRIN RING
alternating double and single bonds
magnesium ion center
photons excite electrons in ring
electrons shuttled away from ring
CAROTENOIDS
STROMA: semiliquid surrounding thylakoid membranes
Photosynthesis takes place in 3 stages
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
STAGE 2: uses energy to make ATP and to reduce compound NADP+ to NADPH
STAGE 1: captures energy from sunlight
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTION
STAGE 3: uses ATP and NADPH to power synthesis of organic molecules
CARBON FIXATION: formation of organic molecules from CO2
TYPES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
C3
fix carbon using the Calvin cycle
C4
spatial (place) solution
fix carbon using PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells
carbon dioxide is then released into bundle-sheath cells for carbon fixation by the Calvin cycle
to produce a single glucose requires 12 additional ATP
advantageous in hot dry climates, photorespiration removes more than half of carbon fixed by C3 pathway
corn, sugarcane, grasses, sorghum
CAM
temporal (time) solution
succulents, cacti, pineapples
stomata open during day, close at night
when stomata closed during day, organic acids are decarboxylated to yield high levels of carbon dioxide
high levels of carbon dioxide drive Calvin cycle and minimize photorespiration
fix carbon dioxide using PEP carboxylase during night and store in vacuole
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Photosynthesis (binary/octet-stream)
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