35412588
Description
Mind Map by Darly Lopez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Darly Lopez
almost 3 years ago
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EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE HEART
- THE BASE
- There are the blood vessels that
carry blood to the heart and also
take it out. It is formed by the
face posterior to the atria, is
convex and transverse direction
- There are the blood vessels that
carry blood to the heart and also
take it out. It is formed by the
face posterior to the atria, is
convex and transverse direction
- THE APEX
- Its tip is directed to the
left, and corresponds to
the left ventricle.
- Its tip is directed to the
left, and corresponds to
the left ventricle.
- THE INTERATRIAL GROOVE
- Separates the two
atria and is hidden by
pulmonary trunk and
aorta in front.
- Separates the two
atria and is hidden by
pulmonary trunk and
aorta in front.
- ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE
- Is situated on the
sternocostal surface of the
heart, close to its left margin.
The anterior interventricular
vein arises from the apex of
the heart and ascends in the
anterior interventricular
sulcus.
- Is situated on the
sternocostal surface of the
heart, close to its left margin.
The anterior interventricular
vein arises from the apex of
the heart and ascends in the
anterior interventricular
sulcus.
- POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE
- On the diaphragmatic surface near the right
margin; these grooves extend from the base
of the ventricular portion to a notch, the
incisura apicis cordis, on the acute margin of
the heart just to the right of the apex. The
posterior interventricular branch of the
right coronary artery runs through this
groove.
- On the diaphragmatic surface near the right
margin; these grooves extend from the base
of the ventricular portion to a notch, the
incisura apicis cordis, on the acute margin of
the heart just to the right of the apex. The
posterior interventricular branch of the
right coronary artery runs through this
groove.
- ATRIOVENTRICULAR GROOVE
- It is the one that marks the
separation of the atria and
ventricles, it is more vertical
than horizontal and houses
the coronary arteries. These
form a circle or arterial crown
from which branches are
distributed over the entire
surface of the heart.
- It is the one that marks the
separation of the atria and
ventricles, it is more vertical
than horizontal and houses
the coronary arteries. These
form a circle or arterial crown
from which branches are
distributed over the entire
surface of the heart.
- THE RIGHT ATRIUM
- THE RIGHT
VENTRICLE
- The structure of the ventricles is similar.
The difference is in the thickness of the
layer muscular. While the right ventricle
has a thickness of 3-4 mm, the left one
reaches approximately the 10mm. This
difference is due to the fact that, when
expelling blood during systole, the left
ventricle is with a higher resistance:
blood pressure.
- The structure of the ventricles is similar.
The difference is in the thickness of the
layer muscular. While the right ventricle
has a thickness of 3-4 mm, the left one
reaches approximately the 10mm. This
difference is due to the fact that, when
expelling blood during systole, the left
ventricle is with a higher resistance:
blood pressure.
- THE LEFT
ATRIUM
- This have thin walls and are made from
outside to inside, by the pericardium, the
inner layer or myocardium and a very
thin layer or endocardium. This last
covers the entire internal surface of the
heart, including the valves, and is formed
by a layer of endothelial cells, similar to
those of blood vessels, and fibers
collagen and elastic.
- This have thin walls and are made from
outside to inside, by the pericardium, the
inner layer or myocardium and a very
thin layer or endocardium. This last
covers the entire internal surface of the
heart, including the valves, and is formed
by a layer of endothelial cells, similar to
those of blood vessels, and fibers
collagen and elastic.
- THE LEFT
VENTRICLE
- The Superior vena cava
- The superior vena cava is one of the two most important veins
in the human body. It is a large-caliber venous trunk or vein
that collects blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.
It begins at the junction of the two brachiocephalic veins,
passes directly downwards, and empties into the right atrium.
It returns blood from all structures above the diaphragm
muscle except the lungs and heart.
- The superior vena cava is one of the two most important veins
in the human body. It is a large-caliber venous trunk or vein
that collects blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.
It begins at the junction of the two brachiocephalic veins,
passes directly downwards, and empties into the right atrium.
It returns blood from all structures above the diaphragm
muscle except the lungs and heart.
- The Aorta Artery
- The aorta is the main artery in the human body, measuring
an average of 2.5 cm in diameter in adults. It originates in
the left ventricle of the heart, its initial trajectory is
ascending, later it forms an arch called the aortic arch and
descends through the thorax until it reaches the abdomen,
where it divides into the 2 common iliac that go to the
lower limbs. and distributes oxygen-rich blood and gives
rise to all the arteries of the circulatory system except the
pulmonary arteries that originate in the right ventricle of
the heart.
- The aorta is the main artery in the human body, measuring
an average of 2.5 cm in diameter in adults. It originates in
the left ventricle of the heart, its initial trajectory is
ascending, later it forms an arch called the aortic arch and
descends through the thorax until it reaches the abdomen,
where it divides into the 2 common iliac that go to the
lower limbs. and distributes oxygen-rich blood and gives
rise to all the arteries of the circulatory system except the
pulmonary arteries that originate in the right ventricle of
the heart.
- Inferior vena cava
- The inferior vena cava is a large caliber venous trunk or vein in
the human body and other mammals, which returns blood
from the lower limbs, the organs of the abdomen and the pelvis
to the right atrium of the heart. It is the satellite vein of the
abdominal aorta and brings together the venous return of all
the infradiaphragmatic veins.
- The inferior vena cava is a large caliber venous trunk or vein in
the human body and other mammals, which returns blood
from the lower limbs, the organs of the abdomen and the pelvis
to the right atrium of the heart. It is the satellite vein of the
abdominal aorta and brings together the venous return of all
the infradiaphragmatic veins.
- The arrival of the pulmonary veins to the Left atrium
- The pulmonary veins are the set of veins responsible for
transporting blood from the lungs to the heart. These
are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated
blood. The pulmonary veins originate from the capillary
networks of the pulmonary lobules and the last
bronchial divisions. Through them, oxygenated blood
from the lung is transported to the heart, emptying into
the upper portion of the left atrium.
- The pulmonary veins are the set of veins responsible for
transporting blood from the lungs to the heart. These
are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated
blood. The pulmonary veins originate from the capillary
networks of the pulmonary lobules and the last
bronchial divisions. Through them, oxygenated blood
from the lung is transported to the heart, emptying into
the upper portion of the left atrium.
- The Pulmonary Artery
- The pulmonary artery begins in the right ventricle of the heart, and
then divides in two to go to each lung, where it divides into numerous
branches. The role of the pulmonary artery is to transport blood, devoid
of oxygen, from the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary embolisms can be
observed at the level of the pulmonary artery, that is, it is obstructed by
a clot that stops blood circulation.
- The pulmonary artery begins in the right ventricle of the heart, and
then divides in two to go to each lung, where it divides into numerous
branches. The role of the pulmonary artery is to transport blood, devoid
of oxygen, from the heart to the lungs. Pulmonary embolisms can be
observed at the level of the pulmonary artery, that is, it is obstructed by
a clot that stops blood circulation.
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