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Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Description
A Levels Psychology (AS) Mind Map on Bowlby's Theory of Attachment, created by Jessica Phillips on 30/09/2015.
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Mind Map by
Jessica Phillips
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Jessica Phillips
almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Attachment is Adaptive and Innate
Children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver for protection
Adaptive because the behaviours increase the chance of survival
Evolutionary Theory
Behavioural system evolved because of its survival and reproductive value
Similar to imprinting
Sensitive Period
Since attachment is innate there is likely a limited window for its development
Suggested that 2nd quarter of the 1st year is when infants are most sensitive to the development of attachment
Becomes increasingly difficult to form infant-caregiver attachment as months pass
Evaluation
Individual Differences
Children can form different types of attachment
Secure and insecure attachments
Responsiveness of caregiver is the main factor in determining type of attachment formed
Cultural Variations
Attachment is subject to cultural influences
Some cultures promote dependency rather than independency by secure attachment
Caregiving is Adaptive
The drive to provide caregiving is also innate because it is adaptive
Social releasers elicit caregiving
A Secure Base
Safe place from which a child can explore
Attachment fosters independence
Internal Working Model
Mental model about emotional relationships
What individuals expect from others and relationships
Monotropy and Hierarchy
Primary attachment - Monotropy
Bias towards one individual
Most attached to the most responsive to social releasers
Usually the mother
Foundation for emotional development, self-esteem and later relationships
Secondary attachments form hierarchy
Act as safety net
Contribute to social development
Children without hierarchy appear to lack social skills
The Continuity Hypothesis
Links in with the internal working model
There is a link between early attachment relationship and later emotional behaviour
Those who are insecurely attached have social and emotional difficulties later on in life
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