Venice

1. Genoa
2. control
   1. decline
      1. b/c internal strife, external conflict, and incompetent emperors
         1. turns over "control" to emerging city-states
      2. power vacuum created

1. peninsula
   1. juts out into Mediterranean

      Annotations:

      • Means naturally focuses on sea Similar to Hanseatic League, Spain, Islands of Japan, Islands of UK

1. Arsenal
   1. weapons
   2. build ships

Annotations:

• Like Song Dynasty

1. loans
2. insurance
3. banking/letters of credit
4. companies

1. Mayors at the local level
2. Exemptions from taxes
3. trade privleges

1. Byzantine Empire concerned
   1. so
      1. Genoa
         1. Collectively
            1. "Latins"
      2. Pisa
   2. Choice by Andronicus I Commenus
      1. does not stop
      2. Andronicus I Commenus falls
         1. coinciding with
            1. Pope Innocent III
               1. 4th Crusade
         2. deposed/fleeing emperor
            1. opportunity
               1. Venice helps reclaim his throne
                  1. Raid Constantinople
                     1. win
                     2. but no promised $
                        1. tells Crusaders that Byzantine won't pay
                           1. Crusaders revolt
                              1. massacre city
   3. people
      1. xenophobia

         Annotations:

         • China Dowager Empress allows Boxer Rebellion
         1. leads to massacre of the "Latins"

            Annotations:

            • Mostly from Pisa and Genoa
            1. those who are not killed are sold into slavery
            2. notice opportunity
               1. for Venice to advance own interest
                  1. at cost of Byzantine
                     1. through Crusade
                        1. people on Crusade
                           1. want wealth
                           2. make a deal with Venice
                              1. Venice will transport
                                 1. pay upfront
                                    1. Crusaders don't have the money
                                       1. Doge using opportunity to use warriors to conquer
                                          1. ZARA, HUN
                                             1. then will take to
                                                1. Palestine

1. Crusade
   1. =
      1. Religion
   2. 4th Crusade
      1. =
         1. $
            1. Economy
         2. Politics
      2. Impact
         1. Byzantine Empire
            1. declines and never recovers
         2. Middle East
            1. 2/3
               1. Venetians
               2. Spice trade
                  1. Global
                     1. Portugese
                        1. South
                           1. Sub Saharan Africa
                           2. Around Africa
                     2. Spain
                        1. Tries going west to Asia
                           1. but runs into Americas
                              1. Begins Age of Exploration
            2. 1/3
               1. Ottomans