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434404
Congenital Heart Disease
Description
University Cardic Disease Mind Map on Congenital Heart Disease, created by hanners on 11/12/2013.
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cardic disease
cardic disease
university
Mind Map by
hanners
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
hanners
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Congenital Heart Disease
structural defects present from birth
more successful surgical treatments
more survival to adulthood
Atrial or Ventricular Septal Defects
Abnormal opening between either right and left atria or right and left ventricle
blood moves through defect from higher pressure on left side to lower pressure right
extra blood may cause volume overload
enlargement of right side
heart failure
aggravated by hypertension
over time can cause overload of entire pulmonary vasculature
develop pulmonary hypertension
divert extra blood volume away from the lungs
causes changes in the lungs which will increase pressure in the right side of the heart
will reverse pressure gradient
shunt will reverse
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
remnant of fetal life
fetal circulation adapted to bypass lungs
temporary structure- ductus arteriosus between pulmonary artery and aorta
rarely does not close after birth
patent DA allows oxygenated blood to flow down and pressure gradient from aorta to pulmonary artery
some of the oxygenated blood does not reach body
pulmonary hypertension develops over time
heart rate increases to move sufficient blood around body
untreated? leads to heart failure
Pulmonary or Aortic Stenosis
narrowing of pulmonary artery or aorta as it leaves heart
limits blood flow in either pulmonary or systemic system
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Large left-right shunt of blood is not corrected (ASD, VSD, PDA)
Increase pulmonary blood flow
fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis
right heart pressure exceeds left and shunt reverses worsening cyanosis
advised against pregnancy. mortality 30-50%
increased fetal prematurity
Marfan's Syndrome
autosomal dominant defect on chromosome 15
connective tissue disease
affects musculoskeletal, cardiovascular systems and eyes
elastic fibres in the media of blood vessels weaken
dilatation of ascending and descending aorta
lead to dissection or rupture or both
occurs at av. 32yrs
premature death
50% chance of child inheriting it if one parent is affected
couples carefully counselled if affected before embarking on pregnancy
minimal cardiovascular involvement and aortic root dimensions have better outcomes
careful monitoring req. throughout pregancy
prophylactic antihypertensive treatment with beta-blockers recommended
Fallot's Tetralogy
4 major defects
VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding Aorta and Right ventricular hypertrophy
reduced oxygenation of blood
life long follow up needed
pulmonary valve may become leaky as heart grows.
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