4479247
Description
Mind Map by Josh Anderson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Josh Anderson
almost 9 years ago
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Biology - B1 - AQA - GCSE - Keeping Healthy and Defending Against Infection
- Diet and Exercise
- Food Groups
- Proteins
- Meat,
fish, eggs
and
cheese.
- Growth and Repair - Building cells.
- Meat,
fish, eggs
and
cheese.
- Fats
- Cheese,
butter,
margarine
and oils.
- A source of energy.
Cell membranes and
insulating the body.
- Cheese,
butter,
margarine
and oils.
- Carbohydrates
- Potatoes,
pasta, bread,
bananas,
sugar and
rice.
- A source of energy.
- Potatoes,
pasta, bread,
bananas,
sugar and
rice.
- Mineral Ions
- Vitamins
- Proteins
- Poor diets can lead to
deficiency diseases.
- Too little vitamin D ---> Rickets
(Affects growth of skeleton)
- Too little vitamin D ---> Rickets
(Affects growth of skeleton)
- Metabolic rate
- The speed at which chemical
reactions take place in the body.
- Affected by:
- Age
- Sex
- Inherited
factors
- Muscle:Fat
proportion
- Amount
of
physical
activity
- Age
- The speed at which chemical
reactions take place in the body.
- Food Groups
- Defending Against
Infection
- Pathogens
- Bacteria
- Multiply rapidly in warm
and moist conditions.
- Microscopic.
- Living cells.
- When they enter the
body, they release toxins
that make humans feel ill.
- Multiply rapidly in warm
and moist conditions.
- Fungi
- Larger fungi include
moulds and mushrooms
- Larger fungi include
moulds and mushrooms
- Viruses
- Reproduce inside host cells.
- Damage cells whilst doing so.
- Eventually, burst open host cell.
- Eventually, burst open host cell.
- Damage cells whilst doing so.
- Genetic material inside
a coat of protein.
- Passed through bloodstream.
- Reproduce inside host cells.
- Disease-Causing Microbe
- Bacteria
- White Blood Cells
- Ingest pathogens
- DO NOT SAY "EATS PATHOGENS"
- DO NOT SAY "EATS PATHOGENS"
- Produce antibodies to
destroy pathogens
- Bind to
pathogens and
damage/destroy.
- Coat pathogens
to make them
easier to ingest.
- Specific antibodies
fit specific antigens.
- Bind to
pathogens and
damage/destroy.
- Produce antitoxins to
counter the toxin
produced by pathogens
- Ingest pathogens
- NOTE
- Pathogens are not the disease, they CAUSE the disease.
- White blood cells do not
eat pathogens, they
INGEST pathogens.
- Antibodies and antitoxins
are not living, they are
SPECIALISED PROTEINS.
- Pathogens are not the disease, they CAUSE the disease.
- Vaccination
- Works against
bacteria - NOT
VIRUSES
- Bacteria can be resistant
to vaccination.
- Bacteria can be resistant
to vaccination.
- Contains weak/dead
pathogens to make it
easy for the white blood
cells to deal with them.
- Works against
bacteria - NOT
VIRUSES
- Pathogens
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