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44815
Rivers
Description
Geography (Rivers) Mind Map on Rivers, created by Lottie Richards on 12/04/2013.
No tags specified
geography
rivers
geography
rivers
Mind Map by
Lottie Richards
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Lottie Richards
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Rivers
Rivers as Systems
Evaporation
Water droplets change to water vapour
Condensation
Water vapour change to water droplets
Precipitation
Movement of water from clouds to ground
Infiltration
water from top of land through the soil
Interception
Water lands on trees' leaves and branches
Surface Run-off
Movement of water over ground
Through flow
Sideways movement of water through the soil
Transpiration
Leaves give water vapour into the air
Evapotranspiration
Sum of Evaporation and Transpiration
Drainage Basins
Source
Where a river begins
Confluence
2 Rivers meet
Tributary
A stream flowing into a larger one
Watershed
Edge of the drainage basin
Mouth
River meets the sea
Estuary
Part of the river thats tidal
Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
River Processes
Abrasion
Rocks carried by the river hit the bed and banks
Attrition
Pebbles and rocks hit each other
Hydraulic Action
Power of moving water hitting banks and forming cracks
Corrosion
Acidic water dissolves rock
Traction
Large rocks roll along the bed
Saltation
Rocks bounce along the river beds
Solution
Dissolved minerals
Suspension
Small fragments float
River Features
Upper Course
V-shaped Valleys
Lateral Erosion
Vertical erosion
Precipitation
Weathering of rock fragments
Steeper slopes increase fall of sediment
Interlocking Spurs
Rivers wind around obstructions
Waterfalls
Bands of hard and soft rock
Overhang
Undercutting
Plunge Pool
Moves further upstream
Gorge
A valley creater by a waterfall eroding backwards
Lower Course
Meanders
Erosion
Deposition
Slowest current
Inside bend
Fastest current
Outside bend
Ox-box Lakes
Continued erosion of the neck of a meander
The river takes the straight course
Deposition blocks off the old meander
Estuaries
TIdal areas where River meets the sea, slows down & deposits sand and mud = mudflats&salt marshes.
Deltas
Fan shaped areas of land where the river meets the sea, as the river slows down sand and mud get deposited
Flood Hydrographs
Shows amout of rainfall and water in the river
Peak Rainfall
Hour of greatest rainfall during storm
Peak Discharge
Time of maximum discharge by river
Base Flow
Expected discharge of the time of year
Rising Limb
Increasing discharge
Rainfall finds it's way into the river
Falling Limb
Decreasing discharge
River carries storm rainfall away
Lag Time
Time between:
Highest rainfall
Peak discharge
River Floods
Dams & Reservoirs (hard)
Trap and store water
Controlled release of downstream
Expensive
Generates Hydroelectricity, Displaces Communities, effective
Flood walls (hard)
Concrete walls built around settlements
Expensive, look artificial, may fail in extreme floods
Floodplain Zoning (soft)
Can't build in flood risk areas
Have things like football pitches instead
Needs Careful planning
Flood prediction and warning (soft)
Monitors river levels and rain
Create flood risk maps
Agency needed
Examples of River Floods
Boscastle, England (2004)
See a different mind map for more info
Bangladesh (1998)
See a different mind map for more into
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