4694577
Description
Mind Map by Jasmin Cain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jasmin Cain
almost 9 years ago
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How successful was Bismarck
in dealing with Political
Catholicism?
- The May Laws
- Catholic schools were brought under
the supervision of the state
- Religion should be
separate from education
- Religion should be
separate from education
- Only those who studied in Germany and
passed state exams could become Priests.
Existing Priests are required to retain and
prove their loyalty to the state
- The country would
become nationalised
and unified
- The country would
become nationalised
and unified
- The Jesuit order (a group of elite catholic teachers and
preachers who were committed to increasing the power of
the pope) was banned from Germany
- Does not show equality and too
much power to the pope caused a
threat
- Does not show equality and too
much power to the pope caused a
threat
- A civil marriage ceremony was made
compulsory (this was then applied
throughout the Empire)
- The Pope would lose power and
influence - less reason to need
the churches
- The Pope would lose power and
influence - less reason to need
the churches
- State financial aid to the Catholic
Church to end
- Financial aid can be used to
strengthen something else
creating stronger Germany
- Financial aid can be used to
strengthen something else
creating stronger Germany
- All candidate for priesthood had to attend a state run
university before training and all appointments had
to be approved by the state (rather than the Pope)
- State could control the appointments and
all priests would be taught appropriate
education
- State could control the appointments and
all priests would be taught appropriate
education
- Clergy could be fined,
imprisoned and expelled if
they failed to comply with
the May Laws
- Gives the leaders less
power and the state
more control
- Gives the leaders less
power and the state
more control
- The responsibility for the registration of
births, marriages and deaths in Prussia to
be removed from the Church and taken
over by the state
- The state will know about
all the births etc. in the
country = better system
- The state will know about
all the births etc. in the
country = better system
- Catholic schools were brought under
the supervision of the state
- Kulturkampf
- Involved a series of actions
against the Catholic Church...
- In 1871 the Zentrum was portrayed
as the 'home' of Bismarck's
'enemies' (Reichsfeinde) in an
orchestrated press campaign
- The Catholic section of the Prussian
Ministry of Religion and Education
was abolished
- Clergy were forbidden from any
mention of politics while preaching
- In May 1872 diplomatic relations
with the Vatican were broken off
- The Jesuits were forbidden from
preaching and from entering
Prussian schools. The anti-Jesuit
campaign gradually spread across
the whole of the Empire
- In 1871 the Zentrum was portrayed
as the 'home' of Bismarck's
'enemies' (Reichsfeinde) in an
orchestrated press campaign
- May Laws
- The Pope instructed all German bishops to disobey the anti-Catholic laws
but Bismarck forbade the publication of the Pope's letter. By 1876 all the
Catholic bishops of Prussia and all Polish bishops had been either
imprisoned or exiled. Of 4600 Catholic parishes, 1400 were without priests.
- At first, Kaiser Wilhelm I was lukewarm in his support
for the Kulturkampf. However, after a letter from Pope
Pius IX in 1873, Wilhelm was offended and from that
point he showed Bismarck full support
- The letter complained about the
Kulturkampf and stated that
anyone who had been baptised
should only obey the Pope
- The letter complained about the
Kulturkampf and stated that
anyone who had been baptised
should only obey the Pope
- The Pope instructed all German bishops to disobey the anti-Catholic laws
but Bismarck forbade the publication of the Pope's letter. By 1876 all the
Catholic bishops of Prussia and all Polish bishops had been either
imprisoned or exiled. Of 4600 Catholic parishes, 1400 were without priests.
- The end...
- By 1878, Bismarck had many
reasons to end the
Kulturkampf...
- Favoured a closer alliance with
Catholic Austria and feared
that his anti-Catholic policies
would stand in the way
- He needed the support of the Centre Party after the
agricultural and industrial depression of the 1870s.
Bismarck was anxious to abandon the liberal policy of
free trade (upset the National Liberals)
- Bismarck's natural allies, the Protestant Conservatives, had
grown opposed to the Kulturkampf because it promoted
hostility towards religion. He could not afford to lose their
support.
- Bismarck felt that increasing working-class support for
socialism posed an even greater threat to German unity
and his own position than the Catholic Church did.
Bismarck hoped to use the Centre Party against the new
'enemy'
- Favoured a closer alliance with
Catholic Austria and feared
that his anti-Catholic policies
would stand in the way
- Main outcomes...
- Relations with the
Papacy improved and
Bismarck was able to
make his alliance with
Austria in 1879
- The Zentrum transformed itself
into a purely religious party,
supporting the Empire and thus, in
the long-term, strengthening unity
- Bismarck was freed from dependence on the
National Liberals and was able to make the
policy changes he desired
- Relations with the
Papacy improved and
Bismarck was able to
make his alliance with
Austria in 1879
- The Catholic Church
continued to thrive -
persecution created
martyrs and
encouraged Catholics
to rally
- Intensified the
Empires division
instead of unifying
it
- By 1878, Bismarck had many
reasons to end the
Kulturkampf...
- Involved a series of actions
against the Catholic Church...
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