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5097836
4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation
Description
AS - Level Chemistry (4 - Acids and Redox) Mind Map on 4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation, created by Bee Brittain on 11/04/2016.
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science
chemistry
acids
bases
alkali
neutralisation
metal oxide
metal hydroxide
metal carbonate
ammonia
salt
water
carbon dioxide
student
mindmap
chemistry
4 - acids and redox
as - level
Mind Map by
Bee Brittain
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Bee Brittain
over 8 years ago
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Resource summary
4.1 Acids, Bases and Neutralisation
Acids
All contain hydrogen in their formulae
When dissolved in water, release hydrogen ions as protons H+ into the solution
Hydrogen chloride gas releases H+ ions as is dossolves in water
HCl (g) + aq --> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Strong and Weak Acids
Strong Acid
Releases all its hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions
Fully Dissociates
E.g/ Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Weak Acid
E.g/ Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH)
Releases only a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution as H+ ions
Partially Dissociates
Bases and Alkalis
Bases
Metal Oxides
Metal Hydroxides
Metal Carbonates
Ammonia (NH3)
A base neutralises an acid to form a salt
Alkalis
An alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution
Sodium Hydroxide releasing hydroxide ions as it dissolves in water
NaOH (s) + aq --> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Neutralisation
In neutralisation of an acid, H+ ions react with a base to form a salt and neutral water
H+ ions from the acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions from the base
Neutralisation of Acids with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides
Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Hydroxide --> Salt + Water
Neutralisation of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid by Copper(II) oxide to form a salt and water only
CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) --> CuSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
CuO (s) + 2HCl (aq) --> CuCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Alkalis
Reactants in solution
Acid + Alkali --> Salt + Water
Ionic Equation
H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) --> H2O (l)
Neutralisation of acids with Carbonates
Acid + Metal Carbonate --> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Neutralisation of two carbonates by sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid
ZnCO3 (s) + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
MgCO3 + 2HCl (aq) --> MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
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