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51887
Mechanics of Ventilation
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Bio 235 Mind Map on Mechanics of Ventilation, created by Susy Sanchez on 21/04/2013.
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bio 235
bio 235
Mind Map by
Susy Sanchez
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Created by
Susy Sanchez
over 11 years ago
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Mechanics of Ventilation
VENTILATION
Caused by pressure-Volume relationship
Boyle's Law
P~1/V
Pressure of gas in inversely proportional to volume causing inspiration
Decreased in lung volume raises intrapulmonary pressure causing expiration
Air moved from higher pressure to low pressure
INTRAPULMONARY & INTRAPLEURAL PRESSURE
At Rest
Atmospheric pressure
760 mmHg
Alveolar Pressure
760mmHg
Inspiration
Atmospheric Pressure
760
Alveolar Pressure
757
Atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure therefore air will go IN
Expiration
Atmospheric pressure
760
Alveolar Pressure
763
Atmospheric pressure is less than alveolar pressure therefore air will go OUT
ALVEOLAR PRESSURE DROPS
Diaphragm contracts
Which Increases VOLUME
Decreases Pressure
Air comes
PNEUMOTHORAX
Collapsed Lung
Airs enters into the intrapleural space through comm. from chest wall
Occurs because alveolar pressure is normally greater than the pleural cavity pressure
As air escapes from the lung, it recoils and will begin to collapse
Because air comes inside pressure increases
PROPERTIES OF LUNGS
Ventilation of the lung requires:
Compliance
Ability to strecth under pressure (inspiration)
Lung volume: transmural pressure V/P
Reduced by factors that cause resistance to distension
High Compliance
Stretches Easily
Facillitates lung expansion
Low Compliance
Requires more force
Restrictive lung disease
Fibrotic lung disease
Inadequate surfactant production
Easticity
Returning to initial size after stretch (expiration)
Elastic recoil after inspiration
Tension increases during inspiration & is reduced recoil during expiration
Surface Tension
Promotes alveolar collapse & resist distension
Lung secrete & absorb ions and water
Absorption
Osmosis driven by Na+ active transport INWARD across alveolar endothelium
Secretion
Osmosis driven by active transport of Cl- OUTWARD
Surface Tension
H2O molecules are attached to other H20 molecules with increase alveolar pressure
SURFACTANT
Production begins in fetal life
Phospholipid DPPC proteins
Type II alveolar cells of lung into single alveolus
More concentrated in small alveolus
Increases pulmonary Compliance
Without surfactant, small alveoli collapse into larger alveoli (reducing compliance
Respiratory distress syndrome
<34 WEEKS
Have trouble inflating lungs
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Sepsis bacterial infection
Decreased compliance & surface secretion
impaired gas exchange
Death due to muti-organ failure
is also impaired with Emphysema & Pulmonary fibrosis
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