Respiratory System 2

Trachea
1. Horseshoe shaped rings of cartilage with ends connected posteriorly by the trachealis muscle (smooth)
2. Conducts air into thorax
3. Withstands stretch
4. Transports mucous blanket
5. Mucosa
  1. Epithelium: PSCC (+Goblet cells)
  2. Lamina propria- large amounts of elastic fibres
6. Submucosa
  1. Seromucous acinar glands
7. Adventitia
  1. Loose CT reinforced by 16-20 C-shaped rings of cartiliage
Bronchi
1. PSCC (+goblet cells)
2. Seromucous glands
3. Extrapulmonary Cartilage: Complete C-shaped rings
4. Intrapulmonary Cartilage: incomplete plates
5. Spirally arranged smooth muscle
6. Moves air in and out of lungs
7. Main - L + R,
8. Lobar - 2L + 3R
9. Segmental -8L+ 10R
Bronchopulmonary segments
1. Morphologically and functionally seperate and independent respiratory units of lung tissue
2. Supplied by tertiary bronchus
3. Each segment surrounded by CT can be removed without affecting othersegments
4. 10 segments in right lung and 8 in left lung
Bronchioles
1. <1mm diameter
2. Conducts air into respiratory passageways
3. Simple columnar/cuboidal epithelium
4. NO glands and NO cartilage
5. Prominent smooth muscle
6. Gradual decrease of cilia and goblet cells
7. Clara cells
  1. Protect bronchiolar epithelium
  2. Secrete solution similar to surfactant
Alveoli
1. Simple squamous epithelium
2. Type I pneumocytes - gas exchange
3. Type II pneumocytes - surfactant production
  1. Surfactant reduces surface tension
4. Elastic and reticular fibres
5. capillaries: mid-wall
6. Alveolar macrophages
Asthma
1. Chronic lung disease- inflames and narrows airways
2. Increased contractibility of smooth muscle in airways
3. Thickened basement membrane
4. Swelling of mucosa
5. Increase in mucous production

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Respiratory System 2

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	Created by Colleen Curley over 8 years ago