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Lungs
1. Apex points superiorly, extending into neck above 1st rib
2. Base rests on superior surface of diaphragm
3. Costal surface: follows contours of rib cage
4. Mediastinal surface: contains hilum, bears grooves of great BVs and cardiac impression
5. Right Lung
  1. Right pleural cavity
  2. 3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior
  3. Horizontal and Oblique fissures
  4. Broader than left lung
  5. Shorter than left lung (diaphragm rises on right side to accommodate liver
6. Left Lung
  1. Left pleural cavity
  2. 2 lobes: superior and inferior
  3. Narrower than right lung ( heart and great vessels project into left pleural cavity (cardiac notch and cardiac impression
  4. Longer than right lung
Pleura and pleural cavity
1. Parietal pleura: covers diaphragm and thoracic wall
2. Visceral Pleura covers outer surfaces of lungs
3. Between pleura is pleural cavity
  1. Filled with pleural fluid secreted by both pleural membranes - lubrication = prevention of friction during breathing
Clinical examples
1. Pnemumothorax
2. Haemothorax
3. Chylothorax
4. Pleural effusion
5. Thiracocentesis
6. Pleuritis (Pleurisy)
Thoracic cage
1. True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) : 1-7
2. False ribs: Vererbrochondral ribs: 8-10 and Floating ribs (vertebral ribs) 11+12
Intercostal muscle
1. Assist breathing by changing dimensions of rib cage
2. External intercostal muscles - inspiration
3. Internal and innermost intercostal muscles - forced expiration
4. Elastic recoil of lungs - adequate for passive expiration
Diaphragm
1. Between thoracic and abdominal cavities
2. Dome-shaped skeletal musle
3. Inspira5tion- diaphragm contracts and moves inferiorly, increases thoracic volume and causes air to be drawn into lungs
4. Expiration - diaphragm relaxes and air pushed out of lungs

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Respiratory system 3

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	Created by Colleen Curley over 8 years ago