Old Major calls a meeting of all the animals. We meet all the main characters as they enter the barn. The
pigs rush to the front. Clover and Boxer are careful not to tread on smaller animals. Benjamin doesn’t be-
lieve anything he hears but says little. Mollie is vain. So some of the personalities are established immedi-
ately. Old Major, in his speech, points out that no animal knows the meaning of happiness and that all their
hard work and produce goes to benefit man. If man was removed the animals would not have to work so
hard and would have more to eat. He ends the meeting by assuring them that the revolution to remove man
would come eventually and teaches them the song ‘Beasts of England’ which becomes their ‘national an-
them’.
Chapter 2
Old Major dies in his sleep in early March. The pigs are recognised as being the cleverest animals -
particu- larly Snowball, Napoleon and Squealer. Snowball is a lively, appealing pig, Napoleon is quieter and
thought to be more of a thinker and Squealer is a brilliant talker. We also meet Moses, the tame raven, who
says he knows the existence of a place called Sugarcandy Mountain (heaven). The revolution happened
more quickly than expected. One night Jones the farmer got drunk in the Red Lion and forgot to feed the
animals. One cow broke into the store shed and all the animals started to help themselves. When Jones
and 4 of his farmhands started whipping the animals to get them under con- trol, they turned and butted and
kicked, driving Jones off his farm. His wife packed her bags quickly and followed. The animals destroy
everything that reminds them of human domination. They celebrate and the pigs, who have learned to read
and write, paint the 7 commandments on the wall of the barn.
Chapter3
The pigs have taken charge of the farm which is now called Animal Farm rather than Manor Farm. The har-
vest is good and everyone works hard knowing that the produce is theirs. Boxer works harder than anyone.
They fly a flag over the farm - green with a hoof and a horn to symbolise their ownership. Meetings are held
every week where the pigs outline their ideas and hold debates. Snowball and Na- poleon never agree on
what should be done. Snowball organises lots of committees to make everyone feel involved in the running
of the farm but really the pigs are in control.9 puppies are born and Napoleon takes them aside to rear them
himself. It is announced that the milk and apples are to be reserved for the pigs alone. Squealer is sent to
explain that the reason for this is because the pigs do all the brain work, without which Jones would
probably return. This terrifies the animals and is used frequently to keep them from complaining about the
preferen- tial treatment for the pigs.
Chapter 4
Pigeons start to spread the word about the rebellion to other farms. We meet the owners of the two neigh-
bouring farms - Foxwood owned by Mr. Pilkington and Pinchfield owned by Mr. Frederick. They fear that
rebellion will spread to their farms so join with Jones to mount an attack on Animal Farm to regain control.
The animals unite to defeat them in the Battle of the Cowshed. All the animals fight except for Mol- lie who
hides. They later make medals to be presented for bravery. Snowball and Boxer receive Animal Hero 1st
Class medals and a sheep who was killed is posthumously awarded an Animal Hero 2nd Class medal. No-
body seems to notice the irony of dividing animals into classes when they are all supposed to be equal.
Chapter 5
Mollie disappears. She cannot bear to live without her ribbons and sugar which the other animals regard as
being the sweeteners used by man to control them. The winter is a hard one. Snowball puts forward the
idea of a windmill to provide electricity to heat their stalls and ease their workload. Napoleon disagrees and
trains the sheep to bleat ‘4 legs good, 2 legs bad.’ every time Snowball tries to speak. These two pigs are
obviously competing for leadership of the farm and Snowball is certainly the more popular. When he
appears to be losing the argument, Napoleon calls up the 9 puppies he had taken away some months
earlier. They chase Snowball off the farm and Napoleon assumes complete control. Squealer convinces the
animals that Snowball has always been a traitor, that he was not brave in the Battle of the Cowshed and
that he stole the idea of the windmill from Napoleon himself
Chapter 7
There is a severe food shortage but to convince the outside world that all is well, the food bins are filled
with sand and merely topped up with grain. The hens are ordered to give up their eggs for the pigs to sell.
When they stage a small protest by dropping their eggs from the rafters, Napoleon starves them until they
give in. Napoleon is rarely seen in public any more and announcements are always made by Squealer. The
animals are told that Snowball was always in league with Jones and that even now Snowball is plotting with
Jones to overthrow the farm. To prove his point, he makes 4 pigs confess to having secret meetings with
Snowball. They are immediately slaughtered. Then 3 hens, a goose and 3 sheep also confess to similar
crimes and receive a similar fate. ‘Beasts of England’ is banned and Minimus composes another song in
praise of Napoleon to replace it. Napoleon awards himself medals
Chapter 6
The animals work hard to build the windmill, Boxer being the one who did most of the heavy work. His 2
slogans are introduced - ‘I will work harder’ and ‘Napoleon is always right.’ Napoleon decides to start
trading with the neighbouring farms, Foxwood and Pinchfield. He uses a middleman Whymper to conduct
business with them. When the animals see Napoleon ordering Whymper around, it makes them forget that
they are not supposed to deal with humans. The pigs move into the farmhouse and start to sleep in beds.
Commandment 4 has ‘with sheets’ added to it and Squealer convinces the animals that they must have
forgotten that bit. Because the other ani- mals never learned to read properly, they believe Squealer and
agree that the pigs must have more comforts than they do if they are to prevent Jones coming back. A
violent storm destroys the windmill. Napoleon blames Snowball and tells the animals to rebuild it with
stronger walls
Chapter 8
The 6th commandment is changed to ‘No animal shall kill any other animal without cause .’ The animals
work harder than ever for less food though the pigs and dogs always have plenty. Napoleon decides to sell
timber to Pilkington. The windmill is finished and called Napoleon Mill. When Napoleon discovers that
Pilkington has paid for the timber with forged notes, he becomes friendly with Frederick instead. Pilkington
then attacks the farm one night and blows up the windmill with dynamite. When Napoleon is seen in public,
he always has a black cockerel walking in front of him like a trum- peter. A gun is fired on his birthday and
he eats from the best china dinner service with a food taster to try his food to make sure it is not poisoned.
He no behaves like a king or emperor.
Chapter 9
Rations are reduced once again and work on the windmill starts for a third time. Boxer’s ambition is to fin-
ish it before he retires so he works even harder than usual. A school is built for the piglets and they are
encouraged to avoid the other animals who now have to step aside to let them pass. Despite the food
shortage, produce is sold to provide machinery for the windmill and whisky for Napoleon’s table. The barley
is reserved to brew beer for the pigs. Moses returns to the farm with tales of Sugarcandy Mountain. The
animals, now starving and desper- ate, are more inclined to listen - there may be a better world after death.
The pigs view him as dangerous.. Boxer collapses through overwork. Napoleon assures the other animals
that he is being taken to a hospital to be cared for but he sells him to a glue manufacturer in return for
whisky. When Benjamin points out that the van in which he was taken away said ’Horse Slaughterer’ on the
side, Squealer replies that it used to belong t
Chapter 10
Years later few of the animals are alive who remember the days before the rebellion. The windmill is fin-
ished but is used for milling corn to be sold at a profit rather than for electricity to make the animals’ lives
easier. Squealer takes away the sheep for a week. On their return, they bleat ‘4 legs good, 2 legs better’ as
the pigs appear walking on their back legs and carrying whips. The commandments are scrubbed off the
barn wall and replaced with just one - ‘All animals are equal but some are more equal than others.’ The pigs
start to wear clothes and the farm is called Manor Farm once again. One evening the animals look in the
farmhouse window where the pigs and local farmers are drinking and playing cards. As they look from pig to
man and back, it becomes hard to tell which is which.