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5447347
Nucleotides
Description
-The structure of both RNA and DNA Nucleotides from which nucleic acids are formed - The synthesis and breakdown of polynucleotides by phosphodiester bonds
No tags specified
nucleotides
purine
pyrimidine
dna
rna
adp
atp
ribose
deoxyribose
biology
nucleic acids
a-level
Mind Map by
Dean Lundie
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Dean Lundie
over 8 years ago
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Resource summary
Nucleotides
What is it?
Type of biological molecules comprised of three things...
Pentose Sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate group
They are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA
These are types of nucleic acids
ADP and ATP are special types of nucleotide and are used for storing and transporting energy
DNA
Has a pentose sugar that is deoxyribose
Each DNA nucleotide has the same sugar and phosphate group
There are four possible nitrogenous bases...
Pyrimidine
Cytosine
Thymine
A Pyrimidine base has one carbon-nitrogen ring
Purine
Adenine
Guanine
A Purine has two carbon-nitrogen rings
Two polynucleotide chains joined together
RNA
Has a ribose pentose sugar
Like DNA, RNA has a phosphate group and four possible bases
Uracil (pyrimidine) is a base that replaces Thymine
Made up of a single polynucleotide chain
Formation of Polynucleotides
Nucleotides join by a condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another
This is a phosphodiester bond
A reverse hydrolysis reaction can take place to break down the polynucleotide chain
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