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ATP

Needed for
1. Metabolic processes
2. Movement
  1. Internal - blood etc
  2. External - locomotion
  3. Muscle contraction
    1. Attachment of myosin head (phosphate)
    2. Power stroke
    3. Detachment of myosin head
    4. Active transport of Ca2+ into sarcoplasmic reticulum
3. Active transport
4. Secretion
5. Activation of molecules
Synthesis
1. Photophosphorylation
  1. electron transport chain (thylakoid membrane of chloroplast)
2. Oxidative phosphorylation
  1. electron transport chain (mitochondria)
    1. Chemiosmosis/ ATP synthase
3. Substrate-level phosphorylation
  1. phosphate group transferred from donor molecules to ADP
    1. e.g. glycolysis
ATP vs Glucose
1. ATP releases more manageable quantities of energy
2. Hydrolysis of ATP is a single reaction
  1. Produces immediate energy
Bonds between phosphate groups have a low activation energy
1. terminal phosphate is hydrolysed
  1. Releases energy
  2. ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + Energy
    1. Reverse condensation reaction re-synthesises ATP

ATP

	Created by ely3m17 almost 11 years ago