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Reasons for the Growth in Tourism

Developments in Technology
1. Developments in Transport and Computer-related technology
  1. Better and Affordable Transport
    1. Led to Improvements in Safety, Shorter travelling and Lower travelling costs
      1. Commercial Air Travel due to developments in jet aircraft
        Past: Fly shorter distances and many stop overs for re-fueling @ 810 km/h Eg. Trip from SG to London takes 2 to 4 days
        Present: Fly longer distances non-stop @ 800-1000 km/h Eg. Flight from SG to London takes around 14 hours
      2. Introduction of Budget Airlines
        Uses smaller and more fuel-efficient aircraft.
        Cheaper, Travel shorter distances and Sell tickets online rather than through travel agencies
        Benefits
        Allow more people to travel internationally and more frequently
        Travel farther away from home
        Go to destinations not covered by commercial airlines Eg. Bhutan and Northern Thailand
  2. Ease of Access to Information
    1. Information and updated ones more readily available and accessible
      1. Online Booking and Research
        Benefits
        Enables tourists to buy their own tickets online and not via travel agency
        Give tourists more options and control
        Better access to information of their destination
        Enables tourists to view feedback and recommendations from other travellors
        Enables tourists to do more research about their destination
      2. Surveillance, electronic checks and other safety controls research
        Benefits
        Makes tourists feel safer and more confident about travelling
  3. More Air Routes and Agreements
    1. Made various parts of the world more accessible to travellors
    2. Open Skies Agreements
      1. An agreement made btw gvts to remove restrictions on commercial flights between their respective countries to create a free-market environment for commercial airlines to compete in.
        Allow airlines to freely decide the routes, capacity and price of their flights w/o interference from the gvt.
        Eg. Singapore and USA since 2001 has allowed SG commercial airlines to make a stopover in USA on its way to a 3rd country; A US commercial flight can make a stopover in a 3rd country on its way to SG.
    3. Deregulation
      1. Allow fares to rise and fall according to market demand and competition btw airline companies
        Eg. Before 1978, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulated airfares btw nearly all countries. Since 1978, domestic & int'l have been deregullated
    4. Benefits
      1. Help the growth of aircraft routes and flights
      2. Increase the no. commercial airline companies & budget airlines
      3. Reduce prices of flights for passengers
Demand Factors
1. More Leisure Time
  1. Defined as a time when you have no work commitments.
  2. Middle to High Income: Comes in the form of paid leave
  3. Since 1950s, people enjoy shorter work weeks, more public holidays and more paid annual leave. = more time for travelling
  4. Eg. Australia - Workers can exchange paid overtime work for leave = more time to travel
2. Greater Disposable Income
  1. Defined as the amount of income left to an individual after paying the taxes
    1. Growth in income allows people to spend more on goods, services or activities that may improve the quality of their life. Eg. Travelling
      1. Eg. Developing countries like China and India have experienced rapid economic growth. Which means that the no. of people in middle income and higher income groups has increased.
3. Changing Lifestyles
  1. Defined as the change in the way people live throughout their lifetime & from generation to generation
    1. Pace of life faster -> more ppl spend more time @ work -> travelling becomes a means of relaxation from fast-paced life
      1. People more heath conscious -> people more fit to travel frequently i.e. Many healthy retirees choose to travel to spend their golden years.
        Eg. Grey Nomads in Australia travelling to unknown parts of the country in trailers/ cruises
Destination Factors
1. Attractions
  1. Natural/ Man-made
  2. Attractions offer something spectacular, unique and interesting for domestic and int'l tourists
  3. E.g. Dubai, United Arab Emirates - Tourists travel there for shopping, business and entertainment because it has MICE facilities, luxury hotels and a large range of luxury retail and luxury utlets
2. Investment in Infrastructure and Services
  1. Large investments needed to develop transport and communication networks, electrical frameworks and systems for water and disposal
    1. Airport expansion and development - must be able to manage increased tourist traffic
      1. Eg. Singapore Changi Airport demolished its Budget Terminal to build Terminal 4 in 2017 and Terminal 5 in a decades' time.
    2. Sufficient Hotels
      1. Btw 2012 and 2016, Hong Kong will add another 49 hotels to its 189 operating ones. Expected to accommodate from 42 m to 70 m visitors.
3. Access to Information
  1. Travel-related information must be easy to obtain from outside and within a destination
    1. Eg. Tourist Signs in Phuket, Thailand in different languages makes tourists safer and comfort
Why is tourism subjected to Regional Fluctuations?
1. Unfavourable Political Conditions
2. Outbreak of Diseases
3. Disasters
4. Global and Regional Recessions

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Reasons for the Growth in Tourism

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	Created by Bryan Goh almost 11 years ago