Osteichthyans (Bony Fish)

Description

Vertebrate Zoology (Fish) Mind Map on Osteichthyans (Bony Fish), created by Litty Carter on 25/04/2013.
Litty Carter
Mind Map by Litty Carter, updated more than 1 year ago
Litty Carter
Created by Litty Carter over 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Osteichthyans (Bony Fish)
  1. Extinct: Placoderms, Ostracoderms, Acanthodians
    1. Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish)
      1. Fins: Extended central shaft bone - feather/leaf like
        1. Early forms: long & cylindrical
          1. Ancestors to tetrapods
            1. 2 dorsal fins + epichordal tail lobe. Fleshy paired fins, bony axis
              1. Dipnoi: Lungfish
                1. 6 spp - freshwater only
                  1. Autostylic Jaw
                    1. Lack teeth (premax & maxillary)
                      1. Toothy palate
                      2. Durophagous - eat shelled stuff
                      3. Caudal, anal and dorsal fins fused
                        1. Aesteviation (torpor when dry)
                          1. Slime cocoon in dry season
                        2. Actinistians: Coleocanths
                          1. Fin rays from lobes - 3 lobed tail
                            1. Rostral organ - electroreception?
                              1. 2 extant spp - marine
                                1. Fat filled swim bladder with ossified walls
                                  1. Tapetum lucidum 250-300m depth
                                  2. Ovoviviparous - 9cm eggs. 13 month gestation 40cm pups
                                2. Actinopterygii (ray finned fish)
                                  1. Fins: Bones at base - fanlike
                                    1. Paired, long fin base
                                    2. Mid Devonian fossils - small 5cm
                                      1. (early specimens) Heterocercal tails
                                        1. Scales interlock - Ganoine
                                          1. Non solid cheek - increase orobranchial chamber, increase jaw muscles
                                            1. Chondrosteans
                                              1. Polypteryformes
                                                1. 11 spp - birchirs/reedfish
                                                  1. heterocercal tails, fleshy fin base. flag like dorsal finlets
                                                    1. Well ossified skeleton. Ganoid scales
                                                    2. Acipenseriformes
                                                      1. ~30spp - sturgeons/paddlefish
                                                        1. Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)
                                                          1. Lack endochondral bone (decreased dermal bone)
                                                            1. Heterocercal tails
                                                              1. Protrusible Jaws (suction)
                                                                1. 5 rows enlarged scale
                                                                2. N. Hemisphere only, FW & Marine. Only breed in FW
                                                                3. Paddlefish (Polyodontidae)
                                                                  1. 2 extant spp. Up to 2m long
                                                                    1. Largely decreased dermal ossification
                                                                      1. Large rostrum & ampullary organs
                                                                        1. Filter feeders
                                                                      2. Neopterygians
                                                                        1. Lepisosteiformes (Gars 7sp)
                                                                          1. Piscivorous
                                                                            1. 1-4m inhabit FW & estuaries
                                                                              1. Warm temperate regions
                                                                              2. interlocking multilayered scales
                                                                              3. Amiiformes (Bowfin 1sp)
                                                                                1. Single layered scales
                                                                                  1. Jaw modified - suction
                                                                                    1. Eat anything
                                                                                    2. Asymmetrical caudal fin
                                                                                    3. Teleosteans (all other fish 27000sp) 4 Clades:
                                                                                      1. Osteoglossomorpha (~220sp)
                                                                                        1. Jurassic seas: tropical FW
                                                                                          1. Jaw mechanics - bony mouths
                                                                                          2. Elomorpha (~800sp eels)
                                                                                            1. Late jurassic
                                                                                              1. Marine
                                                                                                1. Leptocephalus larvae
                                                                                                  1. Transparent eel larvae - grow large
                                                                                                2. Clupeomorpha (~360-400sp)
                                                                                                  1. Plankton eaters
                                                                                                    1. Mouth and gill straining apparatus
                                                                                                    2. Highly valuable
                                                                                                    3. Euteleostei (the rest)
                                                                                                      1. Mid - late cretaceous
                                                                                                        1. Weberian apparatus (connects swim bladder to auditory system)
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