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People With Hippocampus Damage
Description
Biological (Memory & Learning) Mind Map on People With Hippocampus Damage, created by n.c.wetmore on 26/04/2013.
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biological
memory & learning
biological
memory & learning
Mind Map by
n.c.wetmore
, updated more than 1 year ago
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n.c.wetmore
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
People With Hippocampus Damage
Anterograde and Reterograde Amnesia
Anterograde - inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage
Retrograde - loss of memory for events that occurred before th brain damage
Confined to 1-3yrs before surgery/more extensive
More severe for time leading up to damage
Amnesic patients can usually tell where they lived as a child and teenage but not able to say 3 years ago
Bayley, Hopkins and Squire (2006)
Intact Working Memory
STM remained in tact
Asked to remember 584
15 min delay with no distractions, was able to repeat back
After distraction shifted, he forgot numbers
Milner (1959)
Other patients with severe amnesia also show normal WM, given lack of distraction
Shrager, Levy, Hopkins & Squire (2008)
Impaired Storage of LTM
When asked age and year, HM said 27 and year 1953
After few years, started guessing wildly
Corkin (1984)
Read same magazine repeatedly without getting bored
Told someone of childhood incident and later forgot he had told them and said the story again
Eichenbaum (2002)
Watched news every night but could only recall few events since 1953
Didn't recognise photo's of himself but recognised person in the mirror
Corkin (2002)
Formed weak semantic memories for new info he encountered repeatedly
Celebs names after 1953
No amnesic patients could remember the labels for each of the shapes and eventually was able to describe them.
Better Implicit than Explicit Memory
All amnesiacs show better impact than explicit memories
Explicit
Deliberate recall of information that one recognised as a memory
Also known as declarative
Implicit
influence of experience on behaviour even if you do not recognise that influence
Three hospital workers agreed to act in special ways toward patient with amnesia
One pleasant, one neutral, one stern
Asked repeatedly who they would turn to for help, mostly always picked friendly one
Even though they don't remember them and couldn't say why
Tranel & Damasio (1993)
Severe Impairment of Episodic Memory
HM Severe impairment of episodic memories
memories of single personal events
Couldn't describe any experiences after surgery
Retrograde amnesia was also greatest for episodic memories
KC damaged hippo and lost ability to create episodic memories
Looks at family photos, can say who is who but not the event where photo was taken
If you try to imagine future event you call upon memory of similar experiences and modify them
Studies with fMRI show describing past events and imagining future events activate same areas inc. hippo
Addis, Wong & Schacter (2007)
Intact Procedural Memory
Development of motor skills and habits, is a special kind of implicit memory
You might not be able to describe motor skill or habit in words or even recognise it as a memory
Learned to read words backwards but forgot he could do so
Corkin (2002)
Tetris, improve slowly though don't remember playing it
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