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7304838
Eukaryotic cell structure
Description
A-Level Biology (Section 1) Mind Map on Eukaryotic cell structure, created by Amy Le Grys on 31/12/2016.
No tags specified
aqa biology
eukaryotic cell
a level
biology
aqa
structure
chapter 3
biology
section 1
a-level
Mind Map by
Amy Le Grys
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Amy Le Grys
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Eukaryotic cell structure
Nucleus
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus. Controls the entry and exit of materials.
Nuclear Pores
Allows passage of large molecules.
Nucleoplasm
Jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
Chromosomes
Protein bound linear DNA
Nucleolus
Manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes.
Mitochondrion
Double membrane
Controls the exit and entry of materials.
Cristae
Extensions of the inner membrane. Provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes during respiration.
Matrix
Contains proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplast Envelope
Controls the exit and entry of materials.
Grana
Stacks of up to 100 disc like structures called Thylakoids. Where the first stage of photosynthesis takes place.
Thylakoids
Where chlorophyll is located.
Stroma
Fluid-filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has ribosomes on its outer surface.
Provides a large surface area for the synthesis of protiens.
Provides a pathway for the transport of materials through the cell.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has no ribosomes
Synthesises, stores and transports lipids.
Synthesises, stores and transports carbohydrates.
Golgi Apparatus
Cisternae
Stack of membranes which make up flattened sacks.
Vesicles
Small round hollow structures. Transports modified proteins to the cell surface to be released outside.
Modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and labels them so they can be sorted.
Produces secretorty enzymes.
Forms lysosomes.
Ribosomes
80S
25nm in diameter
Site of protein synthesis
One large one small sub unit.
Cell Wall
Consist of a number of polysaccharides
Middle Lamella
Thin layer which marks the boundry between cells and joins them together.
Provides mechanical strength to prevent the cell from bursting.
Gives strength to the plant as a whole.
Allows water to pass along it and contributes to the movement of water through the plant.
Vacuoles
Tonoplast
Single membrane surrounding the vacuole.
Contains mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes and pigments.
Support plants by making them more turgid
Sugars and amino acids act as a temporary food store
Lysosomes
Vesicles which contain the enzymes lysozymes
Hydrolyse the cell wall of certain bacteria
Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells
Release enzymes outside of the cell to destroy material around the cell
Digest worn out organelles so the chemicals can be reused.
Break down cells after they have died.
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