882546
Yr9 Biology - Interdependence & Adaptation
(GCSE AQA B1.4)
- Environmental change
- Changes in the environment affect the distribution of living organisms
- Environmental changes can be measured using non-living indicators such as oxygen levels, temperature and rainfall
- Animals and plants are subjected to environmental changes. Such
changes may be caused by living or non-living factors such as change
in a competitor, or in the average temperature or rainfall
- Living organisms can be used as indicators of pollution:
- Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators, particularly of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere
- lichens found in areas with low levels of sulphur dioxide in the air
- lichens found in areas with low levels of sulphur dioxide in the air
- invertebrate animals can be used as water pollution indicators and are used as indicators of the concentration of
dissolved oxygen in water
- Lichens can be used as air pollution indicators, particularly of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere
- Changes in the environment affect the distribution of living organisms
- Adaptations
- To survive and reproduce, organisms require a supply of materials from their
surroundings and from the other living organisms there
- Plants often compete with each other for light and space, and for water and nutrients from the soil
- Animals often compete with each other for food, mates and territory
- Organisms, incl. microorganisms have features (adaptations) that enable them to survive in the conditions in which the normally live
- Some organisms live in environments that are very extreme. Extremophiles may be tolerant to high levels of salt, high temperatures or high pressures
- Animals and plants may be adapted to cope with specific features of their environment, eg thorns, poisons
and warning colours to deter predators
- Animals and plants may be adapted for survival in the
conditions where they normally live, eg deserts, the Arctic
- Animals may be adapted for survival in dry and arctic environments by means of:
- changes to surface area
- thickness of insulating coat
- amount of body fat
- camouflage
- changes to surface area
- Plants may be adapted to survive in dry environments by means of:
- changes to surface area, particularly of the leaves
- water-storage tissues
- extensive root systems
- changes to surface area, particularly of the leaves
- Animals may be adapted for survival in dry and arctic environments by means of:
- ADAPTATION - a feature or characteristic that allows a living thing to live
successfully in its habitat
- To survive and reproduce, organisms require a supply of materials from their
surroundings and from the other living organisms there
- Competition - the rivalry between members of
- the same species (INTRASPECIFIC), [lion --> lion / humans --> humans], for a resource in limited supply that they both need
- competition in different species (INTERSPECIFIC), [lions --> hyeena, cheetahs, tigers], for a resource in limited
supply that they both need
- Reduction of other types of competition
- mating rituals
- courtship displays
- features that allow warning fights for dominance
- mating rituals
- the same species (INTRASPECIFIC), [lion --> lion / humans --> humans], for a resource in limited supply that they both need
- Link Between ADAPTATION & COMPETITION
- If an organism is well adapted to the environment it lives in, it will compete well for limited resources and therefore is more likely to survive and reproduce
- If an organism is well adapted to the environment it lives in, it will compete well for limited resources and therefore is more likely to survive and reproduce
Want to create your own Mind Maps for free with GoConqr? Learn more.