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946018
Special Senses
Description
About the eye and its muscles and the neurons = vision . also about hearing and the anatomy of the eras.
No tags specified
special senses
hearing
ears
anatomy
eye
eye msucle
vision
nursing
science
biology
nursing science
tertiary
Mind Map by
Addeana
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Addeana
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Special Senses
Vision
Function
Accessory Structure
Conjunctivita
Thin protective mucous membrane
Lines inner aspect of the eyelids and onto surface of the eyeball over sclera
Lacrimal Apparatus
Lacrimal Gland
Lacrimal Duct
Lacrimal Puncta
Lacrimal Sac
Inferior Lacrimal Canal
Nasolacrimal duct
Superior lacrimal canal
Tears (1ml a day)
Contains Lysozome
Protects eye
leans and lubricates and moistens
Eye Muscle
Superios Rectus
Superiorly
Medially
Rotates Medially
Occulomotor (III)
Medial Rectus
Medially
Occulomotor (III)
Superios Oblique
Inferiorly
Laterally
Rotates Laterally
Trochlear (IV)
Lateral Rectus
Laterally
Abducens (VI)
Inferior Rectus
Inferiorly
Medially
Rotates Medially
Occulomotor (III)
Inferior Oblique
Superiorly
Laterally
Rotates Laterally
Occulomotor (III)
Anatomy/Strucure
Tunics (Layers)
Fibrous Tunic
Cornea
Transparent
Helps focus light onto the retina
Sclera (White)
Shape and support
Posteriorly pierced by Optic Nerve (CNII)
Vascular Tunic
Choroid
melanin absorbs scattered light = maintan clear , sharp image
Cilliray Body
Processes = Secretes aqueos humur
muscle = alters shape of lens
Suspensary Ligament
attaches lens to ciliary muscle
controls tension on ligaments = alter shape of lens (accomodation)
Lens
Avascular
Posterior to pupil and Iris
Lens fine tunes focusing of light rays to fovea od the retina = clear vision
Iris
Coloured part of eye (depends on melanin)
Circular and radial smooth muscles
Function = regulate amount of light entering eye
Muscles around the iris control the size = amount of light that gets in
Pupil
Hole in centre of iris
Light enter in eye
Retina
Photoreceptors = Rods and Cones
Rods = rod shaped.Black and white vision. Shapes and movements. Around periphery of retina
Cones = cone shaped. sharp and colour vision. Densely packed in Central Fovea
Optic disc (where optic nerve exits eyeball)
Retinal Blood supply
Macula Lutea - centre of posterior retina
Fovea Centralis
Centre of Macula Lutea
Highest visual acuity/resolution
Only has cones
Colour and focusing
Physiology
Refraction
Accommodation
In Vascular Tunic = Suspensory ligament)
Pupillary Constriction
Receptors and Neurons
Nerve impulses
1)Leave eyeball via optic nerve
2)Pass through the optic chiasm
3)Axons now form the optic tract
4)Pass through the thalamus
5) Primary visual area
Hearing
Function
Anatomy
Tympanic Membrane
Round window
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Oval window
Ossicles
Cochlea
Organ of Corti
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Auditory tube
Physiology
1) Sound waves vibrate the Tympanic Membrane that is in the Inner ear cavity
2) Vibration of ossicles transfers and AMPLIFIES the vibratory motion to oval window
3) Vibrations fof oval window = pressure waves in perilymph cochlea
4) Pressure waves travels through perilymph --> through the Vestibular Membrane and into Endolymph (in membranous labyrinth
5) Pressure waves in Endolymph cause Basilar membrane to vibrate = moves hair cells = action potential (nerve impulse)
The nerve that carries the nerve Impulses = Vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve ( Cochlea branch )
Differences when ageing
Vision
Lost of elasticity in lens = cannot change shape easily = decreased accomodation
Lost of transparency = cataracts
weakened circular and radial muscles = slow pupillary reactions = lower adaptation to dark areas
Sharp vision decreased = colour and depth perception reduced
Retinal damage = Macular degeneration
Decreased tear production = dry eyes
Loss of elasticity in eyelids, less adipose tissue = sunken eyes
Hearing
Loss of hearing
Sensation
Sensory Neurons oly carry information specific for their function
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