The Vertebral Column: Osteology

Question 1 of 50

1

Which curvatures of the spine are lordotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral/coccygeal

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Which curvatures of the spine are kyphotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral/coccygeal

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Why is the vertebral column particularly flexible?

Select one of the following:

Only small displacements of multiple linkages necessary for overall motion
Only a few highly mobile articulations
No ligaments joining adjacent vertebrae - only intervertebral discs
No muscles attach to the vertebral column

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Which are the primary curves of the spine that are retained from the original foetal curvature?

Select one or more of the following:

Thoracic
Sacrococcygeal
Lumbar
Cervical

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Which secondary curve of the spine develops as the child begins to hold its head up?

Select one of the following:

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrococcygeal

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Which secondary curve of the spine develops as a child begins to walk?

Select one of the following:

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Fill in the blanks to label the structure of this thoracic vertebra.

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

What are the intervertebral foramina?

Select one of the following:

Foramina between adjacent vertebrae that form between superior and inferior vertebral notches
The cavities formed by the vertebral arch extending from the body of the vertebrae
Foramina in the cervical vertebrae that allow the passage of the vertebral artery up to the brain
Foramina in the sacrum that allow the passage of the sacral spinal nerves out of the vertebral column

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Match the correct components of the vertebrae to their functions.
The ❌ supports the whole body's weight.
The ❌ is formed by the ❌ which protect the contents of the vertebral column and transmit force from the articular processes to the body of the vertebra. It is also formed by the ❌ which channel forces exerted on the posterior elements to the body to resist bending.
The ❌ contains the spinal cord.
The ❌ form intervertebral foramina between adjacent vertebrae to allow the exit of spinal nerves from the spinal cord.
The ❌ and ❌ allow sites for muscular attachment.
The ❌ are sites for the formation of synovial plane joints.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

body

vertebral arch

laminae

pedicles

vertebral foramen

superior/inferior vertebral nothces

transverse processes

spinous processes

facets

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

The internal structure of the vertebral body is trabeculated.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Other than the bone structure itself, what is another feature of the vertebral body that helps it support weight?

Select one of the following:

Filled with blood which absorbs load
Filled with collagen which resists deformation
Hollow which allows transmission of forces from trabeculae to compact bone
Filled with fat which absorbs load

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

7
5
8
12

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

How do we describe the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Bifid (Y shaped)
Triradiate (Y shaped)
Dens
Vertebral prominens

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Which cervical vertebrae is palpable from the skin?

Select one of the following:

C7
C5
C1
C3

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Where are the extra foramina found on the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Transverse processes
Spinous process
Pedicles
Laminae

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

What passes through the transverse foramina in the cervical spine?

Select one of the following:

Vertebral artery
Spinal cord
Symapthetic chain
Vertebral vein

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

What is the first cervical vertebra also referred to as?

Select one of the following:

The atlas
The axis
Vertebral prominens
Dens

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

The atlas (C1) has no body or spinous process.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

Which cervical vertebrae has the longest and most laterally extended transverse processes of the C spine?

Select one of the following:

C1
C2
C7
C4

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Why are the superior articular processes deeply curved on the C1 vertebra (the atlas)?

Select one of the following:

Articulation with occipotal condyles on base of skull
Articulation with T1 vertebrae
Articulation with mastoid process on skull
To allow the formation of a synovial joint

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

What is the axis?

Select one of the following:

The second cervical vertebra
The first cervical vertebra
The transverse process of the second cervical vertebra
The spinous process of the second cervical vertebra

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

What is the odontoid process/dens?

Select one of the following:

Projection extending upwards from C2 body
Projection extending downwards from C2 body
The ligament holding the axis in articulation with the atlas
The spinous process of the C2 vertebra

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this diagram of a typical cervical vertebra, i.e. C3-C6.

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this diagram of the cervical spine.

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this diagram of C1, the atlas.

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this diagram of C2, the axis.

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

This diagram shows the upper portion of the cervical spine. Label it to show how the force of the skull, shown by the black arrows, is transmitted through the C spine.

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

12
5
8
7

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

What limits flexion of the thoracic spine?

Select one of the following:

Long spinous process with pronounced downward angle that overlaps next inferior vertebrae
Short bifid spinous process that interlocks with next inferior vertebrae
Highly collagenous intervertebral discs
No intervertebral discs

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

In which direction do the superior articular processes of the thoracic vertebrae face?

Select one of the following:

Anteriorly
Posteriorly

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

In which direction do the inferior articular processes of the thoracic vertebrae face?

Select one of the following:

Anteriorly
Posteriorly

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

Which feature of the thoracic vertebrae tells you that this is what you are examining?

Select one of the following:

Transverse costal facets on the transverse processes
Costal facets on the lateral sides of the body
Bifid spinous process
Smallest body of all the vertebrae

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Which facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the tubercles of the ribs?

Select one of the following:

Transverse costal facets
Superior costal facet
Inferior costal facet

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

Where do the costal articular facets move to the middle of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

T11 onwards
T8 onwards
At T12 only
T10 onwards

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Fill in the blanks to label this image of a thoracic vertebra.

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this image of the thoracic spine, including where the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs.

{"20.046_8.29457":[{"id":36711238,"answer":"Transverse process","x":20.046,"y":8.29457}],"28.2619_2.98449":[{"id":36711236,"answer":"Superior articular facets","x":28.2619,"y":2.98449}],"23.3324_17.0155":[{"id":36711244,"answer":"Lamina","x":23.3324,"y":17.0155}],"10.6563_57.3643":[{"id":36711246,"answer":"Superior articular processes","x":10.6563,"y":57.3643}],"50.0929_41.0465":[{"id":36711243,"answer":"Spinous process","x":50.0929,"y":41.0465}],"10.4216_64.2248":[{"id":36711248,"answer":"Transverse costal facet","x":10.4216,"y":64.2248}],"10.6563_72.2481":[{"id":36711258,"answer":"Transverse process","x":10.6563,"y":72.2481}],"80.3746_3.37209":[{"id":36711237,"answer":"Transverse costal facet","x":80.3746,"y":3.37209}],"71.2197_41.2403":[{"id":36711242,"answer":"Inferior costal facet","x":71.2197,"y":41.2403}],"10.4216_81.8992":[{"id":36711257,"answer":"Spinous process","x":10.4216,"y":81.8992}],"83.8957_9.68992":[{"id":36711239,"answer":"Intervertebral disc","x":83.8957,"y":9.68992}],"84.3652_9.65116":[{"id":36711245,"answer":"Pedicle","x":84.3652,"y":9.65116}],"84.8347_20.6977":[{"id":36711240,"answer":"Body","x":84.8347,"y":20.6977}],"84.8347_28.3721":[{"id":36711241,"answer":"Superior costal facet","x":84.8347,"y":28.3721}],"78.0272_57.3643":[{"id":36711247,"answer":"Superior costal facet","x":78.0272,"y":57.3643}],"78.4967_61.8992":[{"id":36711249,"answer":"Body","x":78.4967,"y":61.8992}],"78.4967_66.2016":[{"id":36711250,"answer":"Head of rib","x":78.4967,"y":66.2016}],"50.5624_90.969":[{"id":36711256,"answer":"Angle of rib","x":50.5624,"y":90.969}],"78.4967_70.3876":[{"id":36711253,"answer":"Intervertebral disc","x":78.4967,"y":70.3876}],"77.7924_74.6899":[{"id":36711251,"answer":"Neck of rib","x":77.7924,"y":74.6899}],"78.4967_79.1085":[{"id":36711254,"answer":"Body","x":78.4967,"y":79.1085}],"78.4967_82.8295":[{"id":36711252,"answer":"Tubercle of rib","x":78.4967,"y":82.8295}],"78.2619_87.2481":[{"id":36711255,"answer":"Inferior costal facet","x":78.2619,"y":87.2481}]}

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

5
12
7
4

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Which of the vertebrae have the largest relative size and thickness of their bodies?

Select one of the following:

Cervical
Lumbar
Thoracic
Sacrococcygeal

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

What is a trend down the lumbar spine?

Select one of the following:

Vertebral foramina become more triangular
Vertebral foramina become more circular
Vertebral bodies become smaller
Vertebral bodies become more circular

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

What direction does the superior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae face?

Select one of the following:

Posteriorly
Anteriorly

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

What direction does the inferior articular process face in the lumbar vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Posteriorly
Anteriorly

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

The lumbar vertebrae have no additional foramina or articular processes.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label these images of the lumbar vertebrae.

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

The sacral vertebrae fuse in utero.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Fill in the blanks below to describe the origins of the sacral crests.
The median sacral crest is a remnant of the fused of the sacral vertebrae.
The lateral sacral crest is a remnant of the fused of the sacral vertebrae.

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label this image to show the sacral crests.

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

What is the coccyx?

Select one of the following:

A fusion of 4 tiny coccygeal vertebrae
4 tiny coccygeal vertebrae joined by intervertebral disc
A single triangular bone articulated to the apex of the sacrum
A single triangular bone fused to the apex of the sacrum

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

	Created by Charlotte Jakes over 4 years ago

Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Vertebral Column: Osteology, created by Charlotte Jakes on 15/01/2020.

The Vertebral Column: Osteology

The Vertebral Column: Osteology

Question 1 of 50

Which curvatures of the spine are lordotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

Which curvatures of the spine are kyphotic?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

Why is the vertebral column particularly flexible?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

Which are the primary curves of the spine that are retained from the original foetal curvature?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

Which secondary curve of the spine develops as the child begins to hold its head up?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

Which secondary curve of the spine develops as a child begins to walk?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Fill in the blanks to label the structure of this thoracic vertebra.

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

What are the intervertebral foramina?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

The internal structure of the vertebral body is trabeculated.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

Other than the bone structure itself, what is another feature of the vertebral body that helps it support weight?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

How do we describe the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

Which cervical vertebrae is palpable from the skin?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

Where are the extra foramina found on the cervical vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

What passes through the transverse foramina in the cervical spine?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

What is the first cervical vertebra also referred to as?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

The atlas (C1) has no body or spinous process.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

Which cervical vertebrae has the longest and most laterally extended transverse processes of the C spine?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

Why are the superior articular processes deeply curved on the C1 vertebra (the atlas)?