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Mind Map
by
Jodie Goodacre
, created
more than 1 year ago
A-Levels Geography (The Technological Fix) Mind Map on Types of technological fix, created by Jodie Goodacre on 03/11/2013.
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geography
the technological fix
geography
the technological fix
a-levels
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Jodie Goodacre
over 11 years ago
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2017-01-13T00:31:19Z
Types of technological fix
Intermediate technology refers to relatively low, usually labour intensive technology that can be mastered by local people, especially in the
developing world
The Sri Lankan pumpkin tank water
storage system is a classic example of
this
The pumpkin tank can also be classified as appropriate technology because it is appropriate to the level of income, skill and needs of the
local population
Appropriate technology, however does not necessarily mean
low-tech
For instance, both the freeplay wind-up radio and the XO-1 OLPC (one laptop per child)
computer are examples of communication technology designed specifically for the
developing world.
Top down - Organised
and controlled by
TNCs, central
government and
international
organisations such as
the World Bank
Bottom up - Organised
by local groups and
NGOs, with dialogue
between the funder
and the recipient, and
the ability to adapt
technology to local
needs
High tech -
Reliant on
sophisticated
systems,
specialist skills
and advanced
materials
Low tech - Older, tried and tested technology which
uses generic skills and can be mastered by local
people
Capital and energy intensive - Technology
which is powered and complex to produce
and maintain
Labour intensive - Technology which relies on
human (or animal) energy to build and run it
Freeplay wind-up radio
XO-1 One laptop per child computer
Around $40
Similiar lifeline radio is available for children in the developing world
Human powered
No pollution or energy costs
Integrated torch
Can be used to
hear news,
weather forecasts,
hazard warnings
and farm prices,
and for education
Increases independence and access to critical information, especially in isolated rural areas
$188, although the aim
is to lower this to $100
Specifically designed
for the developing world
Minimal power consumption, and simple rugged design
Wireless
mesh
networking
Increases information flow and could be a powerful educator
Laptops are sold to governments, not
individuals, and a power source is required
Megaprojects
Using small-scale technology can go some way in solving problems, but many nations have opted for large-scale megaprojects as the only way to industrialise and develop a high income, consumer economy
Most commonly, these are civil
engineering projects which
reflect a top-down approach
Individual citizens rarely have a say in their
planning and construction and opponents
argue that individual's rights are often abused
China's development is an example
of the megaproject approach
China: Fixed on technology
China has a long history of innovation, including the invention of paper, porcelain,gunpowder, printing and the compass
The communist People's Republic of China has been transformed in the last few decades by impressive technological megaprojects
A desire to quickly modernise the Chinese economy
The vast scale of the economy
The fact that China's leaders are trained engineers
China's drive to modernise has reaped enormous gains in
terms of annual GDP growth between 8% and 10%
Three Gorges Dam
Green Wall
Shanghai Maglev
South-North water transfer project
$25 billion
1994-2011
Multi-purpose navigation hydropower and flood control scheme
Yangtze River
$8 billion
1978-2050
4,500km long
3 million hectare planted forest belt to prevent further spread of the Gobi desert
The desert increases in area by 3,500km squared each year
Increased pollution, as the river can no longer 'flush' itself
1,300 historic sites flooded
Up to 4 million people displaced
Several species, such as Chinese river dolphine and Siberian crane, are threatened and may become extinct
If it works, it will prevent annual $50 billion losses due to crop damage, soil erosion and dust storms
Food security will increase as farming will be more sustainable
Major doubts about whether the project can stop destification
Some land has been taken from herders to plant the tree belt
The world's first commercial
magnetically levitating train,
capable of 435km h-1 on a
30km track between
Shanghai's CBD and its airport
$1.3 billion
2001-2004
Maglev trains are pollution free, although they use electricity
Significant international prestige when the Maglev opened
Protests in 2007 against an extension to the system were
based on health concerns over electromagnetic radiation
$62 billion
2002-2050
To divert up to 45 billion m cubed of water from the Yangtze River
to the Yellow and Hai rivers for agricultural and industrial use
The project will displace 250,000+ people
Could damage biodiversity in the Yangtze
drainage basin by lowering water levels
Promotes industrial development but also industrial pollution
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