Jodie Goodacre
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A-Levels Geography (The Technological Fix) Mind Map on Types of technological fix, created by Jodie Goodacre on 03/11/2013.

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Jodie Goodacre
Created by Jodie Goodacre over 11 years ago
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Types of technological fixIntermediate technology refers to relatively low, usually labour intensive technology that can be mastered by local people, especially in thedeveloping worldThe Sri Lankan pumpkin tank waterstorage system is a classic example ofthisThe pumpkin tank can also be classified as appropriate technology because it is appropriate to the level of income, skill and needs of thelocal populationAppropriate technology, however does not necessarily meanlow-techFor instance, both the freeplay wind-up radio and the XO-1 OLPC (one laptop per child)computer are examples of communication technology designed specifically for thedeveloping world.Top down - Organisedand controlled byTNCs, centralgovernment andinternationalorganisations such asthe World BankBottom up - Organisedby local groups andNGOs, with dialoguebetween the funderand the recipient, andthe ability to adapttechnology to localneedsHigh tech -Reliant onsophisticatedsystems,specialist skillsand advancedmaterialsLow tech - Older, tried and tested technology whichuses generic skills and can be mastered by localpeopleCapital and energy intensive - Technologywhich is powered and complex to produceand maintainLabour intensive - Technology which relies onhuman (or animal) energy to build and run itFreeplay wind-up radioXO-1 One laptop per child computerAround $40Similiar lifeline radio is available for children in the developing worldHuman poweredNo pollution or energy costsIntegrated torchCan be used tohear news,weather forecasts,hazard warningsand farm prices,and for educationIncreases independence and access to critical information, especially in isolated rural areas$188, although the aimis to lower this to $100Specifically designedfor the developing worldMinimal power consumption, and simple rugged designWirelessmeshnetworkingIncreases information flow and could be a powerful educatorLaptops are sold to governments, notindividuals, and a power source is requiredMegaprojectsUsing small-scale technology can go some way in solving problems, but many nations have opted for large-scale megaprojects as the only way to industrialise and develop a high income, consumer economyMost commonly, these are civilengineering projects whichreflect a top-down approachIndividual citizens rarely have a say in theirplanning and construction and opponentsargue that individual's rights are often abusedChina's development is an exampleof the megaproject approachChina: Fixed on technologyChina has a long history of innovation, including the invention of paper, porcelain,gunpowder, printing and the compassThe communist People's Republic of China has been transformed in the last few decades by impressive technological megaprojectsA desire to quickly modernise the Chinese economyThe vast scale of the economyThe fact that China's leaders are trained engineersChina's drive to modernise has reaped enormous gains interms of annual GDP growth between 8% and 10%Three Gorges DamGreen WallShanghai MaglevSouth-North water transfer project$25 billion1994-2011Multi-purpose navigation hydropower and flood control schemeYangtze River$8 billion1978-20504,500km long3 million hectare planted forest belt to prevent further spread of the Gobi desertThe desert increases in area by 3,500km squared each yearIncreased pollution, as the river can no longer 'flush' itself1,300 historic sites floodedUp to 4 million people displacedSeveral species, such as Chinese river dolphine and Siberian crane, are threatened and may become extinctIf it works, it will prevent annual $50 billion losses due to crop damage, soil erosion and dust stormsFood security will increase as farming will be more sustainableMajor doubts about whether the project can stop destificationSome land has been taken from herders to plant the tree beltThe world's first commercialmagnetically levitating train,capable of 435km h-1 on a30km track betweenShanghai's CBD and its airport$1.3 billion2001-2004Maglev trains are pollution free, although they use electricitySignificant international prestige when the Maglev openedProtests in 2007 against an extension to the system werebased on health concerns over electromagnetic radiation$62 billion2002-2050To divert up to 45 billion m cubed of water from the Yangtze Riverto the Yellow and Hai rivers for agricultural and industrial useThe project will displace 250,000+ peopleCould damage biodiversity in the Yangtzedrainage basin by lowering water levelsPromotes industrial development but also industrial pollutionDouble click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node