Question 1
Question
Storage Systems, “Higher associativity to reduce miss rate”
Answer
-
The simplest way to reduce the miss rate to take advantage of spatial locality and increase the block size
-
The obvious way to reduce capacity misses is to increase cache capacity
-
Obviously, increasing associativity reduces conflict misses
Question 2
Question
How many Optimizations’ in Cache memory Performance?
Question 3
Question
Storage Systems, “Larger block size to reduce miss rate”
Answer
-
The simplest way to reduce the miss rate to take advantage of spatial locality and increase the block size
-
The obvious way to reduce capacity misses is to increase cache capacity
-
Obviously, increasing associativity reduces conflict misses
Question 4
Question
What is the “Read Operands” in simple five-stage pipeline?
Answer
-
Wait until no data hazards, then reads the operand
-
Decode instructions, check for structural hazards
Question 5
Question
Storage Systems, “Bigger caches to reduce miss rate”
Answer
-
The simplest way to reduce the miss rate to take advantage of spatial locality and increase the block size
-
The obvious way to reduce capacity misses is to increase cache capacity
-
Obviously, increasing associativity reduces conflict misses
Question 6
Question
Tenth optimization of Cache Memory “Register prefetch”?
Question 7
Question
At storage systems Gray and Siewiorek classify faults what does mean “Operation faults”?
Answer
-
Devices that fail, such as perhaps due to an alpha particle hitting a memory cell
-
Faults in software (usually) and hardware design (occasionally)
-
Mistakes by operations and maintenance personnel
Question 8
Question
What is a “Kernel” in Cache Memory?
Question 9
Question
Little’s Law and a series of definitions lead to several useful equations for “Time queue” -
Answer
-
Average time per task in the queue
-
Average time to service a task; average service rate is 1/Time server traditionally represented by the symbol µ in many queuing texts
-
Average time/task in the system, or the response time, which is the sum of Time queue and Time server
Question 10
Question
How many steps took Virtual Machine Monitor to improve performance of virtual machines?
Question 11
Question
How many issue queue used in Centralized Superscalar 2 and Exceptions
Question 12
Question
Which of the following formula is true about Issue Queue for “Instruction Ready”
Answer
-
Instruction Ready = (!Vsrc0 || !Psrc0)&&(!Vsrc1 || !Psrc1)&& no structural hazards
-
Instruction Ready = (!Vsrc1 || !Psrc1)&&(!Vsrc0 || !Psrc1)&& no structural hazards
-
Instruction Ready = (!Vsrc0 || !Psrc1)&&(!Vsrc1 || !Psrc0)&& no structural hazards
-
Instruction Ready = (!Vsrc1 || !Psrc1)&&(!Vsrc0 || !Psrc0)&& no structural hazards
Question 13
Question
What is the “Read Operands” in Pipelining Basics?
Answer
-
Wait until no control hazards, then reads the operand
-
Wait until no structural hazards, then reads the operand
-
Wait until no data hazards, then reads the operand
Question 14
Question
Perfect caches at The Hardware Model?
Answer
-
All memory accesses take one clock cycle
-
All conditional branches are predicted exactly
-
All memory addresses are known exactly
Question 15
Question
How many stages used in Superscalar (Pipeline)?
Question 16
Question
How much in percentage single-processor performance improvement has dropped to less than?
Question 17
Question 18
Question
At VLIW by “performance and loop iteration” which time is shorter?
Answer
-
Software Pipelined
-
Loop Unrolled
Question 19
Question
Little’s Law and a series of definitions lead to several useful equations for “Time server” -
Answer
-
Average time to service a task; average service rate is 1/Time server traditionally represented by the symbol µ in many queuing texts
-
Average time per task in the queue
-
Average time/task in the system, or the response time, which is the sum of Time queue and Time server
Question 20
Question
What single-processor performance improvement has dropped?
Question 21
Answer
-
Miss Address File
-
Map Address File
-
Memory Address File
Question 22
Question
How many classes of computers classified?
Question 23
Question
Sixth Optimization of Cache Memory “Critical word first”?
Answer
-
Fetch the words in normal order, but as soon as the requested word of the block arrives send it to the processor and let the processor continue execution
-
Request the missed word first from memory and send it to the processor as soon as it arrives, let the processor continue execution while filling the rest of the words in the block
Question 24
Question
In an important early study of intrusion, Anderson[ANDE80] identified three classes of intruders:
Answer
-
Control, exploit, system
-
Masquerader, misfeasor, clandestine user
-
Individual, legitimate, authorized
-
Outside, inside, offside
Question 25
Question
How many elements of the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA):
Question 26
Question
What is the “Bigger caches to reduce miss rate” at Basics of Memory Hierarchies
Answer
-
The obvious way to reduce capacity misses is to increase cache capacity
-
Obviously, increasing associativity reduces conflict misses
Question 27
Question
At storage systems Gray and Siewiorek classify faults what does mean “Design faults”?
Answer
-
Devices that fail, such as perhaps due to an alpha particle hitting a memory cell
-
Faults in software (usually) and hardware design (occasionally)
-
Mistakes by operations and maintenance personnel
Question 28
Question
What is the ARF?
Question 29
Question
What is the Conflict in main categories in Cache Memory?
Answer
-
first-reference to a block, occur even with infinite cache
-
misses that occur because of collisions due to less than full associativity (loop over 3 cache lines)
-
cache is too small to hold all data needed by program, occur even under perfect replacement policy (loop over 5 cache lines)
Question 30
Question
Non-Blocking Cache Timeline for “Miss Under Miss” the sequence is?
Answer
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Miss->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->Miss Penalty->CPU time
-
CPU time-Cache Miss-Miss Penalty-CPU time
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Hit->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->CPU time
Question 31
Question
At VLIW “Superscalar Control Logic Scaling” which parameters are used?
Answer
-
Width and Lifetime
-
Width and Height
-
Time and Cycle
-
Length and Addition
Question 32
Question
What is a “Synchronization” in Cache Memory?
Question 33
Question
Non-Blocking Cache Timeline for “Blocking Cache” the sequence is?
Answer
-
CPU time-Cache Miss-Miss Penalty-CPU time
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Hit->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->CPU time
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Miss->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->CPU time
Question 34
Question
Flash memory is a type of?
Answer
-
Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
-
Electronically Extensible Programmable Re-Order Memory
-
Electronically Executable Programmable Reduce Memory
Question 35
Question
Access time at memory latency is -
Question 36
Question
In Multilevel Caches “Local miss rate” equals =
Answer
-
misses in cache / accesses to cache
-
misses in cache / CPU memory accesses
-
misses in cache / number of instructions
Question 37
Question
What is a RAID 1?
Answer
-
Also called mirroring or shadowing, there are two copies of every piece of data
-
It has no redundancy and is sometimes nicknamed JBOD, for “just a bunch of disks,” although the data may be striped across the disks in the array
-
This organization was inspired by applying memory-style error correcting codes to disks
Question 38
Question
RAW (read after write)?
Answer
-
This hazard corresponds to an output dependence
-
This hazard is the most common type and corresponds to a true data dependence
-
This hazard arises n antidependence (or name dependence)
Question 39
Question
How many size of Cache L3 is true approximately?
Question 40
Question
What is a RAID 3?
Answer
-
Since the higher-level disk interfaces understand the health of a disk, it’s easy to figure out which disk failed
-
Many applications are dominated by small accesses
-
Also called mirroring or shadowing, there are two copies of every piece of data
Question 41
Question
What is the increasing cache bandwidth?
Answer
-
Critical word first and merging write buffer
-
Pipelined caches, multibanked caches and non-blocking caches
-
Small and simple first-level caches and way-prediction
Question 42
Answer
-
This organization was inspired by applying memory-style error correcting codes to disks
-
It has no redundancy and is sometimes nicknamed JBOD, for “just a bunch of disks,” although the data may be striped across the disks in the array
-
Also called mirroring or shadowing, there are two copies of every piece of data
Question 43
Question
In Non-Blocking Caches what does mean “Critical word first”?
Answer
-
Request the missed word first from memory and send it to the processor as soon as it arrives; let the processor continue execution while filling the rest of the words in the block
-
Fetch the words in normal order, but as soon as the requested word of the block arrives, send it to the processor and let the processor continue execution
Question 44
Question
Sixth optimization of cache memory “Early restart”?
Answer
-
Fetch the word in normal order, but as soon as the requested word of the block arrives send it to the processor and let the processor continue execution
-
Request the missed word first from memory and send it to the processor as soon as it arrives, let the processor continue execution while filling the rest of the words in the block
Question 45
Question
How many size of Cache L2 is true approximately?
Question 46
Question
Reducing the miss penalty or miss rate via parallelism?
Answer
-
Hardware prefetching and compiler prefetching
-
Compiler optimization
-
Pipelined caches, multibanked caches and non-blocking caches
Question 47
Answer
-
Rename Table
-
Recall Table
-
Relocate Table
-
Remove Table
Question 48
Question
How many functions at integrated instruction fetch units?
Question 49
Question
What is the PMD in computer classes?
Answer
-
Percentage map device
-
Personal mobile device
-
Powerful markup distance
-
Peak maze development
Question 50
Question
The second type of dependence is?
Answer
-
Data dependence
-
Name dependence
-
Control dependence
Question 51
Question
How many elements presented at performance trends: bandwidth over latency?
Question 52
Question
What is the compulsory in main categories in cache memory?
Answer
-
Cache is too small to hold all data needed by program, occur even under perfect replacement policy(loop over 5 cache lines)
-
Misses that occur because of collisions due to less than full associativity (loop over 3 cache lines)
-
First-reference to a block, occurs even with infinite cache
Question 53
Question
How many elements in trends of technology?
Question 54
Question
Perfect memory address alias analysis at the Hardware model?
Answer
-
All conditional branches are predicted exactly
-
All memory accesses take one clock cycle
-
All memory addresses are known exactly
Question 55
Question
Speculating on exceptions “Recovery mechanism” is –
Answer
-
Exceptions are rare, so simply predicting no exceptions is very accurate
-
Only write architectural state at commit point, so can throw away partially executed instructions after exception
-
None of them
-
An entity capable of accessing objects
Question 56
Question
What is the reducing the miss rate?
Question 57
Answer
-
Double data rate
-
Density data rate
-
Dynamic data rate
Question 58
Question
In Non-blocking caches what does mean “Early restart”?
Answer
-
Fetch the words in normal order, but as soon as the requested word of the block arrives, send it to the processor and let the processor continue execution
-
Request the missed word first from memory and send it to the processor as soon as it arrives; let the processor continue execution while filling the rest of the words in the block
Question 59
Question
Which distance of price has clusters/warehouse-scale computers?
Answer
-
100-100 000$
-
100 000-200 000 000$
-
5 000 -10 000 000$
Question 60
Question
Little’s Law and a series of definitions lead to several useful equations for “Time System”-
Answer
-
Average time/task in the system, or the response time, which is the sum of Time queue and Time server
-
Average time to service a task; average service rate is 1/Time server traditionally represented by the symbol µ in many queuing texts
-
Average time per task in the queue
Question 61
Question
What is the MISD one of the categories of computers?
Answer
-
Multiple instructions streams, set data stream
-
Multiple instructions streams, single data stream
-
Multiple instruction stream, multiple data streams
Question 62
Question
What is a RAID 4?
Answer
-
Many applications are dominated by small accesses
-
Since the higher-level disk interfaces understand the health of a disk, it’s easy to figure out which disk failed
-
Also called mirroring or shadowing, there are two copies of every piece of data
Question 63
Question
Tenth Optimization of cache memory “Cache prefetch”?
Question 64
Question
What is the Request level parallelism?
Answer
-
Exploits either data-level parallelism or task-level parallelism in a tightly coupled hardware model that allows for interaction among parallel threads.
-
Exploits parallelism among largely decoupled tasks specified by the programmer or the operating system
-
Exploit data-level parallelism by applying a single instruction to a collection of data in parallel.
Question 65
Question
Non-blocking cache timeline for “Hit under miss” the sequence is -?
Answer
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Hit->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->CPU time
-
CPU time-Cache Miss-Miss Penalty-CPU time
-
CPU time->Cache Miss->Miss->Stall on use->Miss Penalty->CPU time
Question 66
Question
At storage systems Gray and Siewiorek classify faults what does mean “Hardware faults”?
Answer
-
Devices that fail, such as perhaps due to an alpha particle hitting a memory cell
-
Faults in software (usually) and hardware design (occasionally)
-
Mistakes by operations and maintenance personnel
Question 67
Question
WAR(write after read)?
Question 68
Question
Main term of dependability is SLAs?
Question 69
Question
At VLIW by “performance and loop iteration” which time is longer?
Answer
-
Loop unrolled
-
Software Pipelined
Question 70
Question
What is the temporal locality?
Question 71
Answer
-
Issue Queue
-
Internal Queue
-
Interrupt Queue
-
Instruction Queue
Question 72
Question
If we talk about storage systems an interaction or transaction with a computer is divided for first what is an “System response time”-?
Answer
-
The time between when the user enters the command and the complete response is displayed
-
The time for the user to enter the command
-
The time from the reception of the response until the user begins to enter the next command
Question 73
Question
How many size of Cache L1 is true approximately?
Question 74
Question
What is a RISC computers?
Answer
-
Reduced instruction set computer
-
Research interconnect several computer
-
Rational interruptible security computer
Question 75
Question
The hardware model represents the assumptions made for an ideal or perfect processor is as how many follow elements?
Question 76
Question
What is the “opcode”?
Answer
-
Operand code
-
Optional code
-
Operation code
Question 77
Question
WAW(write after write)?
Answer
-
This hazard arises from an antidependence (or name dependence)
-
This hazard corresponds to an output dependence
-
This hazard is the most common type and corresponds to a true data dependence
Question 78
Question
What is the Vector Architectures and graphic processor units(GPUs)?
Answer
-
Exploits parallelism among largely decoupled tasks specified by the programmer or operating system
-
Exploit data-level parallelism by applying a single instruction to a collection of data in parallel
-
Exploits data-level parallelism at modest levels with compiler help using ideas like pipelining and at medium levels using ideas like speculative execution
Question 79
Question
Speculating on exceptions “Check prediction mechanism” is –
Answer
-
Exceptions detected at end of instruction execution pipeline, special hardware for various exception types
-
Exceptions are rare, so simply predicting no exceptions is very accurate
-
The way in which an object is accessed by a subject
-
None of them
Question 80
Question
At VLIW Speculative Execution, which of this solution is true about problem: Possible memory hazards limit code scheduling:
Question 81
Question
At VLIW Speculative Execution, which of this solution is true about problem: Branches restrict compiler code motion:
Question 82
Answer
-
Pipeline Register File
-
Physical Register File
-
Pure Register File
-
Pending Register File
Question 83
Question
Speculation and the Challenge of Energy efficiency consume excess energy in how many ways?
Question 84
Question
How many instructions used in Distributed Superscalar 2 and Exceptions?
Question 85
Question
What is about Superscalar means “F-D-X-M-W”?
Answer
-
Fetch, Decode, Instruct, Map, Write
-
Fetch, Decode, Excite, Memory, Write
-
Fetch, Decode, Except, Map, Writeback
-
Fetch, Decode, Execute, Memory, Writeback
Question 86
Answer
-
Synchronous dynamic random access memory
-
Static dynamic random access memory
-
Super dynamic random access memory
Question 87
Question
How many restrictions RAW hazards through memory are maintained?
Question 88
Question
In Multilevel Caches “Misses per instruction” equals =
Answer
-
Misses in cache / number of instructions
-
Misses in cache / accesses to cache
-
Misses in cache / CPU memory accesses
Question 89
Question
How many possible Elements of Data Hazards?
Question 90
Question
If we talk about storage systems an interaction or transaction with a computer is divided for first what is an “Entry time” ?
Answer
-
The time from the reception of the response until the user begins to enter the next command
-
The time for the user to enter the command
-
The time between when the user enters the command and the complete response is displayed
Question 91
Question
Clock cycle time is -
Answer
-
Hardware technology and organization
-
Organization and instruction set architecture
-
Instruction set architecture and compiler technology
Question 92
Question
A virus classification by target includes the following categories. What is a File infector?
Answer
-
The key is stored with the virus
-
Far more sophisticated techniques are possible
-
A typical approach is as follows
-
Infects files that the operating system or shell consider to be executable
Question 93
Question
What is an ALAT?
Answer
-
Addition Long Accessibility Table
-
Allocated Link Address Table
-
Allowing List Address Table
-
Advanced Load Address Table
Question 94
Answer
-
Hardware technology and organization
-
Organization and instruction set architecture
-
Instruction set architecture and compiler technology
Question 95
Answer
-
Scaleboard
-
Scoreboard
-
Scorebased
-
Scalebit
Question 96
Question
At Critical Word First for miss penalty chose correct sequence of Basic Blocking Cache “Order of fill”:
Answer
-
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
-
3,4,5,6,7,0,1,2
Question 97
Question
At Critical Word First for miss penalty chose correct sequence of Blocking Cache with critical word first “Order of fill”:
Answer
-
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
-
3,4,5,6,7,0,1,2
Question 98
Question
What is a RAID 0?
Answer
-
This organization was inspired by applying memory-style errorcorrecting codes to disks
-
it has no redundancy and is sometimes nicknamed JBOD, for “just a bunch of disks”, although the data may be striped across the disks in the array
-
Also called mirroring or shadowing, there are two copies of every piece of data
Question 99
Answer
-
It is the basic element of data
-
it is a collection of related fields that can be treated as a unit by some application program
-
it is a collection of related data
-
it is a collection of similar records
Question 100
Question
What is the reducing the miss penalty?
Answer
-
Pipelined caches, multibanked caches, and nonblocking caches
-
Critical word first and merging write buffer
-
Small and simple first-level caches and way-prediction
Question 101
Question
Little’s Law and a series of definitions lead to several useful equations for “length server”-:
Question 102
Question
At storage systems gray and Siewiorek classify faults what does mean “environmental faults”?
Answer
-
Fire, flood, earthquake, power failure and sabotage
-
Faults in software (usually) and hardware design (occasionally)
-
Devices that fail, such as perhaps due to an alpha particle hitting a memory cell
Question 103
Question
How many types of dependencies do you know?
Question 104
Question
How many major flavors in multiple-issue processors?
Question 105
Question
Out-of-order control complexity MIPS R10000 which is not in control logic?
Answer
-
CLK
-
Address queue
-
Integer datapath
-
Free list
Question 106
Question
At VLIW Multi-Way Branches, which of this solution is true about problem: Long instructions provide few opportunities for branches
Question 107
Question
Infinite register renaming at the hardware model?
Answer
-
There are an infinite number of virtual registers available
-
Branch prediction is perfect, all conditional branches are predicted exactly
Question 108
Question
What is reducing hit time?
Answer
-
Pipelined caches, multibanked caches, and nonblocking caches
-
Critical word first and merging write buffer
-
Small and simple first-level caches and way-prediction
Question 109
Question
Cycle time at memory latency is -
Question 110
Question
Speculating on Exceptions “Prediction mechanism” is
Answer
-
None of them
-
exceptions are rare, so simply predicting no exceptions is very accurate
-
only write architecture state at commit point, so can throw away partially executed instructions after exception
-
Exceptions detected at end of instruction execution pipeline, special hardware for various exception types
Question 111
Question
How many main levels of cache memory?
Question 112
Question
What is the thread level parallelism -
Answer
-
Exploits either data-level parallelism or task-level parallelism in a tightly coupled hardware model that allows for interaction among parallel threads
-
Exploits parallelism among largely decoupled tasks specified by the programmer or operating system
-
Exploit data-level parallelism by applying a single instruction to a collection of data in parallel
Question 113
Question
How many steps in instruction execution?
Question 114
Question
How many issue queue used in Centralized Superscalar 2 and exceptions?
Question 115
Answer
-
free leg
-
free list
-
free last
-
free launch
Question 116
Question
If we talk about storage systems an interaction or transaction with a computer is divided for first what is an “Think time”-?
Answer
-
The time from the reception of the response until the user begins to enter the next command
-
the time between when the user enters the command and the complete response is displayed
-
the time for the user to enter the command
Question 117
Question
What is the “issue” in pipelining basics?
Answer
-
Decode instructions, check for data hazard
-
Decode instructions, check for control hazard
-
Decode instructions, check for structural hazard
Question 118
Question
Little’s Law and a series of definitions lead to several useful equations for “Length queue”
Question 119
Question
Perfect jump prediction at The Hardware Model?
Answer
-
All jumps are perfectly predicted
-
All memory addresses are known exactly
-
Branch prediction is perfect
Question 120
Question
What is the term of dependability in SLOs?
Question 121
Answer
-
Finished store Buffer
-
Finished stack Buffer
-
Finished star Buffer
-
Finished stall Buffer
Question 122
Question
Out-of-order control complexity MIPS R10000 which is in control logic?
Answer
-
Data tags
-
Register name
-
Instruction cache
-
Data cache
Question 123
Question
Instruction count is –
Answer
-
Organization and instruction set architecture
-
Hardware technology and organization
-
Instruction set architecture and compiler technology
Question 124
Question
What is the Instruction Level Parallelism?
Answer
-
Exploit data-level parallelism by applying a single instruction to a collection of data in parallel.
-
Exploits data-level parallelism at modest levels with compiler help using ideas like pipelining and at a medium levels using ideas like speculative execution.
-
Exploits parallelism among largely decoupled tasks specified by the programmer or operating system.
Question 125
Question
What is the RLP?
Question 126
Question
In multilevel caches “Global miss rate” equals:
Answer
-
misses in cache / CPU memory accesses
-
misses in cache / accesses to cache
-
misses in cache / number of instructions
Question 127
Question
What does mean MSHR?
Answer
-
Miss Status Handling Register
-
Memory status handling register
-
mips status hardware prefetching
-
map status handling reload
Question 128
Question
What is the spatial locality?