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Biology 150 - Chapter 12 LEARN Quiz

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Biology 150 (Organismal and Evolutionary Ecology), Chapter 12 (Ecosystem Ecology) LEARN Quiz
Laurel McLaughlin
Quiz by Laurel McLaughlin, updated more than 1 year ago
Laurel McLaughlin
Created by Laurel McLaughlin about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Why don’t ecosystems eventually run out of energy?
Answer
  • because there are secondary producers
  • because photosynthesis is exergonic
  • because they are open systems
  • because they are closed systems

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is most likely to be associated with dynamic equilibrium in an ecosystem?
Answer
  • a positive feedback loop
  • a negative feedback loop
  • homeorhesis
  • pulsing states

Question 3

Question
A coyote eats a rabbit, and burns off much of the calories it gains in maintaining body temperature. In this instance, what can we say about entropy and energy?
Image:
coyote (image/jpg)
Answer
  • entropy has decreased, available useful energy has increased
  • entropy has decreased, available useful energy has decreased
  • entropy has increased, available useful energy has increased
  • entropy has increased, available useful energy has decreased

Question 4

Question
Light is often more limiting in aquatic ecosystems than in terrestrial ecosystems.
Image:
light_aquatic (image/jpg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
The effects of temperature and precipitation on Net Primary Productivity (NPP) are independent.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
Ecosystem X houses species with extremely large niches. What can we say is likely regarding the resistance and resilience of this ecosystem?
Answer
  • high resistance and high resilience
  • low resistance, intermediate resilience
  • high resilience, intermediate resistance
  • low resistance and low resilience

Question 7

Question
You estimate kilograms of corn plants (including stalks, shoots, leaves, etc) produced per square meter per year in a field outside of Waterloo. This is best characterized as an estimate of:
Image:
corn_stocks (image/jpg)
Answer
  • net primary productivity
  • gross primary productivity
  • standing crop biomass
  • biomass accumulation ratio

Question 8

Question
Ecosystem “A” retains most of its food web structure and species composition through a period marked by heavy pollution. Nearby Ecosystem ‘B’ however loses 50% of its species diversity and feeding links. Ecosystem ‘A’ is:
Image:
food_web (image/jpg)
Answer
  • more resistant that Ecosystem 'B'
  • more resilient than Ecosystem 'B'
  • in a positive feedback loop
  • both A and B

Question 9

Question
Warm nutrient rich conditions favour growth of an algal bloom in a lake. In fall, the decomposing algae releases yet more nutrients into the lake which leads to an even worse algal bloom the following spring. This is an example of:
Image:
lake_algal_bloom (image/jpg)
Answer
  • negative feedback
  • a trophic cascade
  • homeostasis
  • positive feedback

Question 10

Question
Energy is recycled in detrital food chains.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Which of the following ecosystems would you likely observe the highest trophic efficiency in?
Answer

Question 12

Question
Which of the following is likely to have the highest concentrations of a biomagnifying contaminant?
Answer
  • primary producer
  • primary consumer
  • secondary consumer
  • tertiary consumer
  • all are equal

Question 13

Question
High level carnivores are often part of only one type of food chain – either grazing or detrital.
Image:
top_carnivore (image/jpg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Neither energy nor biomass pyramids can be inverted/upside down (ie. larger at the top than the bottom).
Image:
pyramid (image/jpg)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Grazing and detrital food chains are independent are not connected.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
You are studying a three-level food chain (primary producers, herbivores, carnivores). 5000 calories of plant energy are produced. How many of these calories will be convertes into carnivore tissue?
Image:
three-level-food-chain (image/jpg)
Answer
  • 5 calories
  • 50 calories
  • 500 calories
  • 5000 calories

Question 17

Question
A snail that feeds on dead leaves is best characterized as:
Image:
snail_leaves (image/jpg)
Answer
  • a saprophage; part of the detrital food chain
  • a biophage; part of the grazing food chain
  • a biophage; part of the detrital food chain
  • a saprophage; part of the grazing food chain

Question 18

Question
What variable(s) affect(s) the rate of decomposition? Select all that apply, if more than one.
Image:
decomposition (image/jpg)
Answer
  • amount of lignin
  • temperature
  • moisture
  • oxygen availability

Question 19

Question
What are the eventual end products of decomposition?
Image:
decomposition (image/jpg)
Answer
  • inorganic nutrients
  • secondary productivity
  • organic matter
  • detritus

Question 20

Question
Where would we expect nutrient concentrations in streams to be highest?
Answer

Question 21

Question
What human activities have been implicated in dropped water tables?
Answer

Question 22

Question
Fertilizing a grassland with nitrogen is MOST likely to result in:
Image:
fertilizing_grassland (image/jpg)
Answer
  • increase in productivity, increase in species richness
  • increase in productivity, no change in species richness
  • increase in productivity, transition to N-fixing species
  • increase in productivity, decrease in species richness

Question 23

Question
Increasing temperatures are causing permafrost and tundra to melt. This causes faster decomposition rates and carbon release, and is an example of:
Image:
melting_ice (image/jpg)
Answer
  • positive feedback
  • negative feedback
  • neutral feedback
  • none of the above

Question 24

Question
Which of the following is/are potential direct or indirect cause(s) of climate warming? (Select all that apply)
Answer

Question 25

Question
Which of the countries below uses the most oil per capita?
Answer

Question 26

Question
Climate warming is thought to be related to which of the following ecological observations? (Select all that apply, if more than one)
Image:
climate-warming (image/jpg)
Answer
  • changes in species' ranges
  • changes in allele frequencies within species
  • changes in timing of seasonal life history events, such as flowering
  • changes in extinction rates

Question 27

Question
Globally, we know that climate-induced increases in terrestrial NPP will compensate up for climate-induced decreases in marine NPP.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Nutrient run-off into marine coastal environments can cause:
Answer
  • formation of toxic algal blooms
  • formation of anoxic zones
  • short-term increases in primary productivity
  • all of the above

Question 29

Question
What factor(s) is/are affecting the health of coral reef ecosystems?
Image:
dead-coral-reef (image/jpg)
Answer
  • increasing temperatures
  • ocean acidification
  • pollution
  • all of the above

Question 30

Question
Which is NOT a leading factor in explaining why climate change is increasing terrestrial NPP?
Answer
  • higher CO2
  • increased sunlight
  • increased temperatures
  • increased precipitation in tropics

Question 31

Question
Why is marine NPP thought to be decreasing (leading explanation)?
Answer
  • less sunlight
  • changes in water density
  • slower decomposition
  • less nutrients from terrestrial runoff
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