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Biology Exam 2

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Includes material from chapter 15, 16,17, and 11.
Alison Chase
Quiz by Alison Chase, updated more than 1 year ago
Alison Chase
Created by Alison Chase almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The animal extracellular matrix contains what in comparison to plant ECM?
Answer
  • collagen
  • more protein in comparison to carbohydrate
  • microfibrils
  • both collagen and protein
  • both collagen and microfibrils

Question 2

Question
Desmosomes are a cell-cell attachment mostly commonly found in which of the following animal cells?
Answer
  • nerve cells
  • muscle cells
  • epithelial cells
  • nerve and muscle cells
  • epithelial and muscle cells

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is NOT part of a desmosome?
Answer
  • attaches the plasma membrane of adjacent cells
  • has membrane proteins that link cells
  • has intermediate filaments
  • has plasmodesmata that connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 4

Question
Which of the following is NOT a lipid-soluble signaling molecule?
Answer
  • steroids
  • estrogen
  • cortisol
  • all choices are lipid soluble

Question 5

Question
In order for a G protein to be activated, what needs to occur?
Answer
  • ADP needs to become ATP
  • ATP needs to transfer energy to GDP
  • GDP becomes GTP
  • GTP becomes GDP

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is NOT a second messenger?
Answer
  • cGMP
  • DAG
  • cAMP
  • KCC

Question 7

Question
Which of the following demonstrates the mechanics of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Answer
  • G protein remains inactive when bound to GTP
  • G protein remains inactive when bound to GDP
  • G protein splits into two parts when activated
  • A second messenger triggers a response when bound to the signal receptor

Question 8

Question
Where are the protein components of the extracellular matrix synthesized?
Answer
  • in the rough ER
  • in the Golgi apparatus
  • in the plasma membrane
  • in the extracellular layer itself

Question 9

Question
[blank_start]Lipid-soluble[blank_end] signaling molecules often pass through the plasma membrane and bind to cytosolic signal receptors. Signaling molecules that are [blank_start]not lipid soluble[blank_end] often bind to signal receptors in the plasma membrane.
Answer
  • Lipid-soluble
  • Non-lipid soluble
  • Hydrophobic
  • non-lipid soluble
  • lipid soluble
  • hydrophilic

Question 10

Question
One unique feature of lipid soluble signaling molecules are their ability to
Answer
  • behave as transcription factors
  • use a signal transduction system
  • act as kinases
  • both behave as transcription factors and act as kinases
  • both use a signal transduction system and act as kinases

Question 11

Question
The connecting of cytoskeletons between adjacent cells in animal tissues is accomplished using
Answer
  • gap junctions
  • desmosomes
  • tight junctions
  • hormones

Question 12

Question
The use of signal transduction systems enables cells to
Answer
  • activate and/or deactivate specific cellular activities
  • control gene expression
  • amplify cellular responses
  • activate/deactivate specific cellular activities and control gene expression
  • all choices would apply

Question 13

Question
Who discovered the secondary structure of DNA?
Answer
  • Hershey and Chase
  • Watson and Crick
  • Stahl and Meselson
  • Hershey and Crick

Question 14

Question
Which of the following images depicts semiconservative replication?
Answer

Question 15

Question
How many origins of replication do eukaryotic chromosomes have?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • several
  • 0

Question 16

Question
What is the primary responsibility of SSBPs?
Answer
  • relieves twisting forces of helicase
  • open the double helix
  • prevent the rebinding of separate strands of DNA
  • final linking process of DNA nucleotides

Question 17

Question
Which is true of telomerase?
Answer
  • contains its own RNA template
  • works in the synthesis of RNA
  • works in the synthesis of DNA
  • contains its own DNA template

Question 18

Question
Which of the following types of repair occurs after DNA synthesis is complete?
Answer
  • proofreading
  • mismatch repair
  • nucleotide excision repair
  • just mismatch and nucleotide excision repair
  • all of the choices are correct

Question 19

Question
Synthesis of the [blank_start]leading strand[blank_end] is continuous, but synthesis of the [blank_start]lagging strand[blank_end] is discontinuous because on that strand, the DNA polymerase moves away from the replication fork.
Answer
  • leading strand
  • lagging strand
  • lagging strand
  • leading strand

Question 20

Question
Which of the following is NOT a property of DNA polymerase?
Answer
  • it adds dNTPs only in the 5' --> 3' direction
  • it requires a primer to work
  • it is associated with a sliding clamp only on the leading strand
  • its exonuclease activity is involved in proofreading

Question 21

Question
How are Okazaki fragments synthesized?
Answer
  • using the leading strand template, and synthesizing 5' --> 3'
  • using the leading strand template, and synthesizing 3' --> 5'
  • using the lagging strand template, and synthesizing 5' --> 3'
  • using the lagging strand template, and synthesizing 3' --> 5'

Question 22

Question
The enzyme involved in adding new nucleotides to the leading and lagging strands of DNA during replication could be
Answer
  • helicase
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA polymerase I
  • ATP synthase

Question 23

Question
Multiple RNA primers and fragments of DNA during DNA replication would be characteristic of
Answer
  • the lagging strand of DNA
  • the replication fork
  • prokaryotes
  • the leading strand of DNA

Question 24

Question
mtDNA has the following characteristics
Answer
  • comes only from the mother
  • the haploid number of chromosomes
  • the diploid number of chromosomes
  • none of the above

Question 25

Question
Which of the following is the central dogma of biology?
Answer
  • DNA --> RNA ---> mtDNA
  • DNA ---> RNA ---> proteins
  • RNA ---> proteins ---> DNA
  • proteins ---> RNA ---> DNA

Question 26

Question
Which of the following is NOT an example of a genotype?
Answer
  • blue eyes
  • AA
  • one heterozygous allele, one homozygous allele
  • none of the choice are representative of a genotype

Question 27

Question
Which of the following is the universal start codon?
Answer
  • AGU
  • AGA
  • AUG

Question 28

Question
What are the three stop codons that signal that the end of translation?
Answer
  • UAA, UGA, UAG
  • AAU, GUA, UGA
  • AAA, GUA, UAA
  • none of the choices are correct

Question 29

Question
Which of the following is not true about the genetic code?
Answer
  • The code is redundant
  • The code is ambiguous
  • The code is non-overlapping
  • The code is nearly universal

Question 30

Question
Which of the following point mutation are most likely to be deleterious?
Answer
  • silent, missense, frameshift
  • missense, nonsense, frameshift
  • frameshift, nonsense silent

Question 31

Question
The two purine bases in the DNA are
Answer
  • adenine and thymine
  • adenine and guanine
  • cytosine and guanine
  • thymine and cytosine

Question 32

Question
A codon would contain
Answer
  • 2 nucleotides
  • 4 nucleotides
  • 6 nucleotides
  • 3 nucleotides

Question 33

Question
Point mutations that alter the meaning of subsequent codons are called
Answer
  • silent mutation
  • chromosomal mutation
  • frameshift mutation

Question 34

Question
What must bind to bacterial RNA polymerase before transcription can begin?
Answer
  • TATA box
  • promoters
  • sigma protein

Question 35

Question
Why do NTPs have a significant amount of potential energy?
Answer
  • because of its one phosphate group
  • because of its two phosphate groups
  • because of its three phosphate groups

Question 36

Question
Which of the following are part of eukaryotic RNA processing?
Answer
  • addition of 5' cap on mRNAs
  • addition of 3' poly (A) tail
  • addition of promoter that contains -35 and -10 box
  • addition of 3' poly (A) tail and 5' cap
  • addition of promoter and 3' poly (A) tail

Question 37

Question
What is removed from eukaryotic RNA transcripts?
Answer
  • introns
  • exons
  • both are removed
  • some of each are removed

Question 38

Question
The secondary structure of tRNA resembles...
Answer
  • an L
  • a cloverleaf
  • there is no such thing as secondary structure of tRNA

Question 39

Question
Which is the correct sequence of the elongation of translation?
Answer
  • First: incoming aminoacyl tRNA, Second: A site becomes empty, Third: peptide bond is formed between tRNA in P and A site.
  • First: incoming aminoacyl tRNA, Second: peptide bond is formed between tRNA in P and A site, Third: A site becomes empty
  • First: A site becomes empty, Second: Peptide bond is formed between tRNA in A and P site, Third: incoming aminoacyl tRNA

Question 40

Question
Which of the following does NOT take place in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Answer
  • Translation
  • Transcription
  • RNA processing

Question 41

Question
Translation initiation occurs when...
Answer
  • the ribosome binding site on an mRNA bind to an rRNA sequence in the small ribosomal subunit
  • the initiator aminoacyl tRNA binds to the start codon in the mRNA
  • the large subunit of the ribosome attaches to the small subunit
  • all choices are correct

Question 42

Question
What does a bacterial RNA polymerase produce when it transcribe a protein-coding gene?
Answer
  • rRNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • snRNA

Question 43

Question
Temperature-sensitive conditional mutations cause expression of a wild-type phenotype at one growth temperature and a mutant phenotype at another -typically higher- temperature. Imagine that when a bacterial cell carrying such a mutation is shifted from low to high growth temperatures, RNA polymerases in the process of elongation complete transcription normally, but no new transcripts can be started. The mutation in this strain most likely effects which feature?
Answer
  • the terminator sequence
  • the start codon
  • sigma
  • one of the polypeptides at the core RNA polymerase

Question 44

Question
Which enzymes link the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA?
Answer
  • aminoacyl-mRNA synthases
  • aminoacyl-rRNA synthases
  • aminoacyl-tRNA synthases

Question 45

Question
The information used in translation to a peptide, specifying which codon codes for which amino acid is carried by
Answer
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • aminoacyl tRNA synthases
  • snR

Question 46

Question
Destruction of an mRNA in the cytoplasm prior to reaching a ribosome would be considered a
Answer
  • post transcriptional process
  • pre-transcriptional process
  • pre-translational process
  • both pre translational and pre transcriptional process
  • both pre translational and post transcriptional process

Question 47

Question
In [blank_start]eukaryotes[blank_end], transcription and translation of an RNA cannot occur together because transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Answer
  • eukaryotes
  • prokaryotes
  • bacteria

Question 48

Question
Any technique for picking particular types of mutants out of many randomly generated mutants is known as...
Answer
  • null alleles
  • metabolic pathway
  • genetic screen
  • gene expression

Question 49

Question
What holds DNA polymerase in place during strand extension?
Answer
  • sliding clamp
  • DNA ligase
  • Primase
  • Topoisomerase

Question 50

Question
an exterior protein coat as seen in Hershey and Chase's experiment is known as
Answer
  • osteoblast
  • capsid
  • abscission
  • capillary wall
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