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Patho Quiz 1

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Quiz on Patho Quiz 1, created by Crystal Thorn on 02/12/2014.
Crystal Thorn
Quiz by Crystal Thorn, updated more than 1 year ago
Crystal Thorn
Created by Crystal Thorn almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a
Answer
  • Karyotype
  • no

Question 2

Question
A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain with exertion. He was previously diagnosed with arteriosclerosis (narrowing and blockage of the vessels). The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to
Answer
  • Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organ)
  • no

Question 3

Question
Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
Answer
  • calcium.
  • magnesium.
  • sodium.
  • potassium.

Question 4

Question
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer
  • By diffusion
  • By coupled channels
  • By passive electrolyte channels
  • By active transport requiring ATP

Question 5

Question
The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following?
Answer
  • It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid thereby killing mutants.
  • It increases blood supply thereby increasing oxygen to the colon.
  • It increases fluid loss leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon.
  • It increases gut motility thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.

Question 6

Question
Which of the following compounds has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with smoking?
Answer
  • Hypnotics
  • Antihistamines
  • Steroids
  • Alcohol

Question 7

Question
When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence. Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures.
  • Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment. Carcinomas are mesodermal. Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.

Question 8

Question
An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. How should the nurse respond? A deficiency in ________ can cause impaired muscle contraction.
Answer
  • AMP
  • GMP
  • GTP
  • ATP

Question 9

Question
The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
Answer
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active Transport
  • Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 10

Question
A patient receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells? Cells will:
Answer
  • Divide
  • Become hydrated
  • Swell or burst
  • Shrink

Question 11

Question
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
Answer
  • Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
  • Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
  • Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
  • Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.

Question 12

Question
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Answer
  • Paternal nondisjunction
  • Paternal translocations
  • Maternal nondisjunction
  • Maternal translocations

Question 13

Question
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer
  • Expressivity
  • Dominance
  • Recessiveness
  • Penetrance

Question 14

Question
A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child’s mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?
Answer
  • Bb
  • BB

Question 15

Question
A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is the biologist describing?
Answer
  • Transcription
  • Translation
  • Translocation
  • Termination

Question 16

Question
When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females. The trait is never transmitted from father to son. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
  • The trait is seen much more often in females than in males. The trait never skips generations.

Question 17

Question
A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:
Answer
  • Vacuolation
  • Lipid acceptor proteins
  • Increased metabolic state
  • Free radical formation

Question 18

Question
A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:
Answer
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium

Question 19

Question
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
Answer
  • Hyperplasia
  • Dysplasia
  • Anaplasia
  • Metaplasia

Question 20

Question
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
Answer
  • Generalized edema
  • Increased serum potassium
  • Increased plasma osmolality
  • Decreased renal blood flow

Question 21

Question
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:
Answer
  • Increased serum potassium levels
  • Decreased plasma osmolality
  • Localized edema
  • Increased blood volume

Question 22

Question
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
Answer
  • Vomiting
  • Dehydration
  • Hypoaldosteronism
  • Diuretic use

Question 23

Question
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
Answer
  • Hyperventilating
  • Excreting H+ through the kidneys
  • Retaining CO2 in the lungs
  • Secreting aldosterone

Question 24

Question
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
Answer
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Respiratory acidosis
  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Metabolic alkalosis

Question 25

Question
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
Answer
  • Osmotic forces
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Plasma oncotic pressure
  • Buffer systems

Question 26

Question
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
Answer
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Bicarbonate
  • Chloride

Question 27

Question
The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
Answer
  • Macrophage
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Lymphocyte

Question 28

Question
A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes Advil for relief. A nurse recalls Advil relieves the headache by:
Answer
  • Decreasing prostaglandin production
  • Increasing platelet-activating factor
  • Increasing histamine release
  • Decreasing leukotriene production

Question 29

Question
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (Select all that apply.)
Answer
  • Heat Redness Swelling Pain
  • Fever

Question 30

Question
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
Answer
  • Toxoids
  • IgM
  • IgE
  • IgA

Question 31

Question
Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:
Answer
  • Has T cells that become B cells
  • Receives immunoglobulin
  • Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
  • Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor

Question 32

Question
When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive?
Answer
  • Active
  • Passive
  • Innate
  • Cell-mediated

Question 33

Question
When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
Answer
  • Alloimmunity
  • Homoimmunity
  • Alleimmunity
  • Autoimmunity

Question 34

Question
When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body.
Answer
  • B only
  • A only
  • O
  • A and B

Question 35

Question
A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type-transfusion type matches would cause this?
Answer
  • A-AB
  • A-A
  • B-O
  • AB-O

Question 36

Question
After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:
Answer
  • Contain no DNA or RNA
  • Replicate their genetic material inside host cells
  • Are easily killed by antimicrobials
  • Are capable of independent reproduction

Question 37

Question
What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?
Answer
  • Autoantibody production
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Anemia
  • Recurrent infections

Question 38

Question
A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
Answer
  • Autoimmunity
  • Tissue-specific hypersensitivity
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Immunodeficiency

Question 39

Question
A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
Answer
  • Rubella virus
  • Hepatitis B virus
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Herpes virus

Question 40

Question
A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?
Answer
  • Leukemia
  • Gastric cancer
  • Adenocarcinoma of the colon
  • Lung cancer

Question 41

Question
Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?
Answer
  • Has a high mitotic index
  • Grows slowly
  • Is well-differentiated
  • Has a well-defined capsule

Question 42

Question
A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
Answer
  • 1
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2

Question 43

Question
Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:
Answer
  • Release of growth factors
  • Tumor regression
  • Apoptosis
  • New blood vessel growth

Question 44

Question
In response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will:
Answer
  • decrease in length.
  • increase in number.
  • increase in excitability.
  • increase in size.

Question 45

Question
Effects of elevated -endorphins include:
Answer
  • hyperglycemia.
  • pain inhibition.
  • peripheral vasoconstriction.
  • decreased immune cell activity.

Question 46

Question
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Aerobic glycolysis
  • Electron-transport chain

Question 47

Question
An epidemiological study reveals that a large population of people carry the same genetic mutation but only 75% of the people with that mutation express the disease. This finding can be described as which of the following?
Answer
  • Hidden phenotype
  • Variable expressivity
  • Incomplete penetrance
  • Karotypic malformation

Question 48

Question
A 23-year old diabetic male presents with a 3-day history of flu-like symptoms. His blood sugar is elevated and the arterial blood gas (ABG) values reveal a decreased pH, normal CO2, and decreased bicarbonate ion. The most likely diagnosis is:
Answer
  • respiratory alkalosis.
  • metabolic alkalosis.
  • metabolic acidosis.
  • respiratory acidosis.

Question 49

Question
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
Answer
  • The codominance
  • The phenotype of genetic material
  • The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
  • The individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normal

Question 50

Question
A 20 year old patient asks the nurse about side effects of the flu vaccine. The nurse knows that possible side effects include:
Answer
  • dystonia.
  • inability to ambulate in a forward direction.
  • pain at the injection site.
  • an Australian accent.
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