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Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09

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Quiz on Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09, created by MatthewEllis96 on 03/02/2015.
MatthewEllis96
Quiz by MatthewEllis96, updated more than 1 year ago
MatthewEllis96
Created by MatthewEllis96 almost 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
THE CARBOHYDRATE RIBOSE CONTAINS HOW MANY CARBON ATOMS?
Answer
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

Question 2

Question
SUCROSE IS A DISACCHARIDE OF:
Answer
  • Glucose and fructose
  • Maltose and glucose
  • Glucose and galactose
  • Fructose and galactose

Question 3

Question
THE BEST DESCRIPTION FOR FATTY ACIDS IS:
Answer
  • Hydrophobic
  • Hydrophilic
  • Amphipathic
  • Anglophobic

Question 4

Question
GLYCOGEN CONTAINS WHICH TYPES OF GLYCOSIDIC BONDS BETWEEN GLUCOSE RESIDUES?
Answer
  • α(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • α(1→4) and β(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and β(1→6)

Question 5

Question
THE CONFORMATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE CHAINS IN CELLULOSE IS NORMALLY:
Answer
  • Helical
  • Random coil
  • Zig-zag
  • Linear

Question 6

Question
THE REDOX CENTRE IN NAD+ IS:
Answer
  • Nicotine
  • Nicotinamide
  • Flavin mononucleotide
  • Flavinoid

Question 7

Question
WHICH NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATE IS COMMONLY INVOLVED IN RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?
Answer
  • CTP
  • TTP
  • UTP
  • GTP

Question 8

Question
IN LIVING CELLS, ATP IS USUALLY FOUND IN COMPLEX WITH WHICH ION?
Answer
  • Na+
  • Ca2+
  • Hg2+
  • Mg2+

Question 9

Question
IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY OF GALACTOSE METABOLISM, GALACTOSE IS PHOSPHORYLATED TO GIVE:
Answer
  • Galactose 1-phosphate
  • Galactose 6-phosphate
  • Glucose 1-phosphate
  • Glucose 6-phosphate

Question 10

Question
THE MAIN CARBOHYDRATE “FUEL” OF SPERM CELLS IS:
Answer
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Maltose

Question 11

Question
WHICH PATHWAY RESULTS IN THE GREATEST OVERALL DIRECT GENERATION OF ATP UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS?
Answer
  • Glycolysis
  • The tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Gluconeogenesis

Question 12

Question
FOR THE COMPLETE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ONE MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS, HOW MANY TIMES DOES THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE “TURN”?
Answer
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Question 13

Question
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF ACETYL COENZYME A (AcCoA) WHICH ENTERS THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, HOW MANY MOLECULES OF CARBON DIOXIDE ARE RELEASED?
Answer
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Question 14

Question
UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, YEAST METABOLISE GLUCOSE TO:
Answer
  • Ethanol via acetic acid
  • Acetic acid via ethanol
  • Acetaldehyde (ethanal) via ethanol
  • Ethanol via acetaldehyde (ethanal)

Question 15

Question
THE PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS INCLUDE:
Answer
  • NADH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADPH, water and an electromotive force
  • NADPH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADH, oxygen and an electromotive force

Question 16

Question
THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS REQUIRE:
Answer
  • NADPH, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NAD+, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NADPH, ADP and oxygen
  • NADPH, ATP and oxygen

Question 17

Question
TWO METHODOLOGIES USED BY MELVIN CALVIN TO ELUCIDATE THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WERE:
Answer
  • Paper chromatography and synthetic organic chemistry
  • X-ray crystallography and titrations
  • Gene sequencing and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • Tissue culture and NMR spectroscopy

Question 18

Question
WHICH OF THESE COFACTORS IS NEEDED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MALONYL COENZYME A FROM ACETYL COENZYME A AND CARBON DIOXIDE?
Answer
  • Niacin
  • NAD+
  • Thiamine
  • Biotin

Question 19

Question
IN WATER, FATTY ACIDS CAN SPONTANEOUSLY ASSEMBLE INTO WHAT STRUCTURES?v
Answer
  • Micelles
  • Mitochondria
  • Mitotic spindles
  • Myosin

Question 20

Question
MALONATE INHIBITS AN ENZYME IN WHICH METABOLIC PATHWAY?
Answer
  • Glycolysis
  • Tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Leloir pathway
  • Glycogen biosynthesis

Question 21

Question
THE MICHAELIS CONSTANT, Km:
Answer
  • Has units of concentration
  • For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used
  • Is a measure of the rate of acceleration carried out by the enzyme
  • Gives an idea of the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency

Question 22

Question
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS:
Answer
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state

Question 23

Question
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Answer
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site

Question 24

Question
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Answer
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate

Question 25

Question
THE PROTEIN UBIQUITIN:
Answer
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminal glycine residue
  • Is a polypeptide
  • Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation

Question 26

Question
PROTEOSOME-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS:
Answer
  • Is controlled by serine protease enzymes.
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the eukarote cell cycle
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the prokarote cell cycle
  • Is controlled by ubiquinone activating enzymes.

Question 27

Question
IN MICHAELIS-MENTON KINETICS, FORMATION OF THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX:
Answer
  • Is always the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is never the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is always a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover
  • Is never a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover

Question 28

Question
THE TRANSITION STATE MODEL FOR ENZYME CATALYSIS:
Answer
  • May explain why enzymes have particular substrate specificity
  • May explain why enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
  • May explain why enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
  • May explain why enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat

Question 29

Question
THE CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION:
Answer
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Km
  • Can be described by the ratio: Km/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: Vmax/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Vmax

Question 30

Question
THE UREA CYCLE:
Answer
  • Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell

Question 31

Question
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE IS:
Answer
  • A glycolytic intermediate
  • The precursor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • Produced from fructose 2-phosphate
  • A second messenger

Question 32

Question
THE BUILD UP OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLES AFTER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE IS:
Answer
  • Caused by an excess of ATP in the cytoplasm
  • Due to its synthesis being coupled to ATP hydrolysis
  • Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NADH to NAD+
  • Due to pyruvate being oxidised by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NAD+ to NADH

Question 33

Question
THE INCREASE IN ATP LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT" CAUSES:
Answer
  • Decreased glycolytic flux by allosteric stimulation of lactate dehydrogenase
  • Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
  • Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1
  • Increased glycolytic flux by allosteric activation of phosphofructokinase-2

Question 34

Question
PROTEIN KINASE A IS ACTIVATED BY:
Answer
  • 5'-AMP
  • cAMP
  • ADP
  • NADH

Question 35

Question
THE WARBURG EFFECT IS:
Answer
  • The term used to describe the inhibition of glycolysis in anaerobic cells that occurs when oxygen is supplied
  • Caused (in some cancers) by a defect in the glycerol phosphate shuttle
  • Caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer
  • Due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by NADH

Question 36

Question
THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM HELPS REGULATE:
Answer
  • Body fluids
  • Blood pressure
  • Body temperature
  • Breathing

Question 37

Question
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ECTOTHERMS?
Answer
  • They generate most of their heat through internal processes
  • They get most of their heat from the environment
  • They generate most of their heat from external processes
  • They cannot regulate their body temperature

Question 38

Question
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATES ARE:
Answer
  • Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
  • Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
  • Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
  • Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules

Question 39

Question
THE KREBS (OR TCA) CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF PATHWAY?
Answer
  • Anabolic
  • Catabolic
  • Amphibolic
  • Hyperbolic

Question 40

Question
WHICH OF THESE SYSTEMS IS MOST COMMON IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS?
Answer
  • Positive feedback
  • Formative feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Neutral feedback
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