Question 1
Answer
-
requires Ca2+
-
is promoted by erythrocytes
-
defects usually shorten the bleeding time
-
is initiated by tissue tromboplastin in the intrinsic coagulation pathway
-
is decreased by platelets
Question 2
Question 3
Answer
-
measure 15mm in diameter
-
do not contain mitochondria
-
have a life span in circulation of 30 days
-
are released from the bone marrow as mature cells
-
contain nucleus
Question 4
Question
the following is true about the ABO and Rh systems
Answer
-
a person of group O is a universal recipient
-
a person who is group AB has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
-
the presence of D antigen means that the subject is Rh (+)
-
Rh antibodies occur naturally
-
the person of group A has anti-A antibodies
Question 5
Question
which of the following helps in blood clotting
Answer
-
vit B1
-
vit B2
-
vit D
-
vit K
-
vit B6
Question 6
Question
the function of haemoglobin is
Answer
-
transport of oxygen
-
destruction of bacteria
-
prevention of anaemia
-
utilisation of energy
-
transport of CO
Question 7
Question
which of the following substances is an anticoagulant
Answer
-
Ca 2+
-
heparin
-
fibrinogen
-
albumin
-
gama-globulins
Question 8
Question
what are the agglutinins
Answer
-
antibodies
-
antigens
-
beta-globulins
-
amino acids
-
lipids
Question 9
Question
which of the following substances influences indirectly blood clotting
Answer
-
calcium ions
-
vit K
-
vit B6
-
mineralocorticoids
-
renin
Question 10
Question
for which of the following cells phagocytosis is not typical
Answer
-
neutrophils
-
plasmocytes
-
monocytes
-
eosinophils
-
macrophages
Question 11
Question
normal (physiological) hemolysis takes place
Question 12
Question
which of the following are functions of the blood
Answer
-
transport
-
regulation
-
protection
-
temperature regulations
-
all of the above
Question 13
Question
the blood volume of an average size male is
Question 14
Question
the blood volume is
Answer
-
10-12 % body weight
-
10L
-
6-8% body weight
-
5L
-
3-5% body weight
Question 15
Question
the effects on plasma volume of 500ml blood loss are neutralised within
Answer
-
1-2 hours
-
8-10 hours
-
24 hours
-
one week
-
one month
Question 16
Question
antithrombin III affects which coagulation factor
Answer
-
XIIa
-
Xa
-
IIa
-
IXa
-
all of the above
Question 17
Question
vitamin K neutralizes
Answer
-
factor 5
-
heparin
-
antithrombin 3
-
plasminogen
-
none of the above
Question 18
Question
platelet activation will not occur without
Answer
-
Ca2+
-
vessel wall damage
-
von Willebrand factor
-
fibrinogen
-
serotonin
Question 19
Question
hematocrit of 0.45 means that in the sample of blood analysed
Answer
-
0.45% Hb is in the plasma
-
0.45% of total blood volume is made up of plasma
-
0.45% of Hb is in the RBC
-
0.45% of the total blood volume is made up of RBCs and WBCs
-
0.45% of blood volume is made of Tr
Question 20
Question
which of the following statements concerning the monocyte is incorrect
Answer
-
more common in blood than eosinophils and basophils
-
produced in the adult by the bone marrow and lymph nodes
-
unlike neutrophil does not accumulate outside circulation in area of inflammation
-
not classified as a granulocyte
-
2-8% of differential blood count
Question 21
Question
hemoglobin contains
Answer
-
one protoporphyrin ring and four ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin ring and one ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin rings and four ferrous ions
-
one protoprophyrin ring and one ferrous ion
-
none of the above
Question 22
Question
which blood component plays the biggest role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood
Answer
-
albumin
-
carbon dioxide
-
white blood cells
-
fibrinogen
-
globulins
Question 23
Question
in a normal blood sample, which of the following cells will be the most abundant
Answer
-
neutrophils
-
basophils
-
eosinophils
-
monocytes
-
lymphocytes
Question 24
Answer
-
a chemical messenger that is released by virus infected cells
-
a lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity
-
something that coats the inside of lungs, causing infection
-
a protein or other molecule that is recognised as non-self
-
a thick yellow-white fluid
Question 25
Question
where is the site of maturation for a B cell
Answer
-
thymus
-
bone marrow
-
pancreas
-
cortex
-
spleen
Question 26
Question
nonspecific resistance is
Answer
-
the bodys ability to ward off diseases
-
the bodys defenses against any kind of pathogen
-
the bodys defense against a particular pathogen
-
the lack of resistance
-
non of the above
Question 27
Question
which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in the maturation of T lymphocytes
Answer
-
lymph nodes
-
thymus
-
spleen
-
pineal gland
-
tonsils
Question 28
Question
the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is increased when
Answer
-
the plasma albumin fraction is increased
-
fibrinogen in the blood is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is increased
-
lack of erythropoietin
Question 29
Question
agglutinins are found in
Answer
-
the erythrocyte membrane
-
the leukocytes
-
the plasma
-
the platelets
-
all of the above
Question 30
Question
gamma- globulins are related to
Question 31
Question
oxyhaemoglobin is a compound of
Answer
-
hemoglobin and O2
-
hemoglobin and CO2
-
hemoglobin and Fe2+
-
hemoglobin and CO
-
hemoglobin and N
Question 32
Question
the amount of plasma proteins is
Answer
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
50-83 g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
0.4-0.5 l/l
Question 33
Question
the plasma of blood type AB contains
Question 34
Question
osmotic hemolysisis due to
Answer
-
water hypotonic solution entering the erythrocytes
-
destruction of the erythrocyte membrane by chemicals
-
fibrinolysis
-
formation of carbaminohemoglobin
-
transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Question 35
Question 36
Answer
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelets
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
decreased number of platelets
Question 37
Question
when AB(0) blood is transfused to a recipient of blood type 0 (anti-A, anti-B)
Answer
-
the limit of the blood transfused is up to 300ml
-
the transfused amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is forbidden
-
transfusion of plasma is the only possibility
-
possible only once in a lifetime
Question 38
Question
sodium citrate stops coagulation by
Answer
-
blocking fibrinogen
-
reacting with Ca2+
-
massive fibrinolysis
-
destruction of platelets
-
blocking vit K
Question 39
Question
the normal RBC count in men is
Answer
-
140-160.10/l
-
4.5-6.0.10/l
-
4-11.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
-
0.4-0.5/l
Question 40
Answer
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelet
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
increased percentage of neutrophils
Question 41
Question
platelets take part in
Question 42
Question
hemoglobin concentration in men is
Answer
-
4-5.2.10/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
160 +/- g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160g%
Question 43
Question
of major significance for maintaining the blood oncotic pressure is
Answer
-
the number of erythrocytes
-
the plasma globulin fraction
-
the leukocyte count
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
the plasma fibrinogen
Question 44
Question
the red colour of blood is due to
Answer
-
the plasma cholesterol
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
Ca2+ and K+ in plasma
-
the granules in the leukocytes
-
the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes
Question 45
Question
the normal blood platelet count is
Answer
-
4-11.10/l
-
4.4-5.2.10/l
-
60-90.10/l
-
140-400.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
Question 46
Answer
-
formation of the white plug
-
formation of the red plug
-
fibrin clot destruction
-
viscose metamorphosis of the platelets
-
destruction of adrenal medulla
Question 47
Question
when blood transfused from 0 (anti-A and anti-B) donor to AB (0) recipient
Answer
-
the amount is up to 500 ml
-
amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is impossible
-
only plasma may be transfused
-
only once in an lifetime
Question 48
Question
the osmotic fragility is determined by the use of
Question 49
Question 50
Question
the plasma protein fraction of major significance for coagulation is
Answer
-
albumin
-
globulin
-
fibrinogen
-
gamma-globulin
-
globulin and albumin
Question 51
Question
the ESR (westergren) reterence values are
Answer
-
men up to 50 <15mm/h
-
140-160 g/l
-
women above 50-5-10mm.h
-
men above 50-3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5/l
Question 52
Question
of major significance for the erythrocyte sedminentation rate is
Question 53
Question
the normal leukocyte count is
Question 54
Question
Fe2+ ions are necessary for
Answer
-
the production of fibrinogen
-
erythropoiesis
-
the formation of leukocytes
-
the formation of platelets
-
the synthesis of thyrecalcitonin
Question 55
Question
the percentage of Rh(+) people is
Answer
-
15%
-
85%
-
50%
-
30%
-
15% of pregnant women
Question 56
Question
hematocrit reference range in women is
Answer
-
140-160g.l
-
2.4-2.6mmol.l
-
0.55-1.48mmol.l
-
0.36-0.47 l.l
-
4.5-10.l
Question 57
Question
hematocrit measure the percentage of
Answer
-
white blood cells volume
-
plasma volume
-
platelets volume
-
red blood cells volume
-
serum proteins volume
Question 58
Question
to prevent blood loss after a tissue injury, blood vessels first
Question 59
Question
a foreign substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the immune system to react by producing antibodies is called
Answer
-
allergen
-
antigen
-
histamine
-
mast cell
-
interferon
Question 60
Question
when neutrophils and macrophages squeeze out of capillaries to fight off infection it is called
Answer
-
phagocytosis
-
hemolysis
-
interleukins
-
diapedesis
-
folliculitis
Question 61
Question
each of the following is a components of plasma except
Answer
-
water
-
proteins
-
formed elements
-
nutrients
-
salts
Question 62
Question
extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its
Question 63
Question
total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight
Answer
-
can be measured with an indicator dilution technique using deuterium oxide
-
is small on average in women than in men
-
rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts
-
is less than 80% in young adults
-
all of the above
Question 64
Question
breakdown of erythrocytes in the body
Answer
-
occurs when they are 6-8 weeks old
-
is named erythropoiesis
-
yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine
-
yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver
-
is required for the synthesis of bile salts
Question 65
Question
a person with group A blood
Answer
-
has anti-A antibody in the plasma
-
may have the genotype AB
-
may have a parent with group 0 blood
-
may have children with group A or group 0 blood only
-
whose partner is also A can only have children of group A
Question 66
Question
the spleen destroys
Answer
-
macrophages
-
healthy RBC
-
neutrophils
-
damaged RBC
-
monocytes
Question 67
Question
plasma bilirubin
Answer
-
is a steroid pigment
-
is converted to biliverdin in the liver
-
does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls
-
is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus
-
has red colour
Question 68
Answer
-
originate from precursors in the lymph nodes
-
can increase in number when their parent cells are stimulated by factors released from activated lymphocytes
-
unlike granulocytes do not migrate across capillary walls
-
take part in haemostasis
-
manufacture immunoglobulin M
Question 69
Answer
-
are responsible for the major part of blood viscosity
-
contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
-
metabolize glucose to produce CO2 to H2O
-
carry O2 and CO2
-
all of the above
Question 70
Question
human plasma albumin
Answer
-
contributes more to plasma colloid osmotic pressure than globulin
-
can not filter freely at the glomerulus
-
is negatively charged at the normal pH of blood
-
carries sex hormones in blood
-
all of the above
Question 71
Question
neutrophil granulocytes
Answer
-
are the most common leukocyte in normal blood
-
contain proteolytic enzymes
-
contain actin and myosin microfilaments
-
are present in high concentration in pus
-
all of the above
Question 72
Question
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Answer
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about 5 minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than from cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Question 73
Question
circulating red blood cells
Answer
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at a slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Question 74
Answer
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Question 75
Answer
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weight in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Question 76
Answer
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to the pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Question 77
Question
blood eosinophils
Answer
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Question 78
Answer
-
doesnt contain plasma protiens
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by contraction of adjacent skeletal muscles
Question 79
Answer
-
are formed in bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Question 80
Question
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Answer
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is inulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Question 81
Question
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Answer
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about five minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than form cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Question 82
Question
circulating red blood cells
Answer
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Question 83
Answer
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Question 84
Answer
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weigh in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Question 85
Answer
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/ litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3-]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Question 86
Question
blood eosinophils
Answer
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Question 87
Answer
-
doesnt contain plasma proteins
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by concentration of adjacent skeletal muscles
Question 88
Answer
-
are formed in the bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Question 89
Question
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Answer
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is insulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water (deuterium oxide)
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Question 90
Question
excessive tissue fluid (oedema) in the legs may
Answer
-
be associated with a raised extracellular fluid volume
-
results from hepatic disease
-
result from blockage of pelvic lymphatics
-
increase local interstitial fluid pressure
-
all of the above
Question 91
Question
haemolytic disease of the newborn
Answer
-
can be perverted by injecting the mother with antiD agglutinins just after delivery
-
affects mainly babies of Rh positive mothers
-
occurs mainly in babies who lack D agglutinogen
-
causes jaundice which clears rapidly after birth
-
can be treated by transfusing the affected baby with Rh positive blood
Question 92
Question
patients with moderate severe anaemia have a reduced
Answer
-
cardiac output
-
incidence of vascular bruits
-
2:3 diphosphoglycerate blood level
-
arterial pO2
-
capacity to raise oxygen consumption in exercise
Question 93
Answer
-
frequently follows persistent loss of blood from the body
-
is more common in men than in women
-
may cause anaemia by inhibiting the rate of multiplications of RBC stem cells
-
may cause large pale erythrocytes to appear in peripheral blood
-
anaemia should normally be treated by injections of iron
Question 94
Question
severe reactions are likely after transfusion of blood gorups
Question 95
Question
the haematocrit (packed cell volume)
Answer
-
may be obtained by centrifugation of blood
-
may be calculated by multiplying the mean cell volume by the red cell count
-
rises in a patient who sustains widespread burns
-
rises following vomiting
-
all of the above
Question 96
Question
red cell formation is increased
Answer
-
in blood donors one week after a blood donation
-
in patients with a hemolytic anaemia
-
by giving injections of erythropoietin to nephrectomized patients
-
in patients who have a raised blood reticulocyte count
-
all of the above
Question 97
Question
hematocrit reference range in men is
Answer
-
0.4-0.54l/l
-
2.4-2.6 mmol/l
-
0.55-1.48 mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
4.5-1012/l
Question 98
Question
red blood cells would swell in which type of solution
Answer
-
hypotonic
-
isotonic
-
hypertonic
-
hydrophilic
-
lipophilic
Question 99
Question
the most abundant type of protein in plasma is
Answer
-
insulin
-
globulin
-
albumin
-
glycogen
-
fibrinogen
Question 100
Question
the number of oxygen molecules carried by one Hb molecule
Question 101
Question
majority of clotting factors are produced in
Answer
-
liver
-
kidney
-
heart
-
brain
-
muscle
Question 102
Question
cellular immunity is due to
Answer
-
B lymphocytes
-
T lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
eosinophils
-
erythrocytes
Question 103
Question
action of plasmin is
Answer
-
to remove calcium
-
antithrombin action
-
to stimulate heparin
-
to degenerate fibrin
-
to produce plug
Question 104
Question
which is the most rare blood group
Answer
-
A (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh-)
-
B (Rh-)
-
0 (Rh+)
Question 105
Question
the hemoglobin level in women is
Answer
-
4-5.2x1012/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140 +- 20g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160 g%
Question 106
Question
the number of RBC in women is
Answer
-
140-160.109/l
-
0.4-0.5.l
-
4-11.109.l
-
200-400.109.l
-
3.9-5.3.1012.l
Question 107
Question
the ESR (westergren) reference values are
Answer
-
women above 50-5-10 mm.h
-
140-160 g.l
-
women up to 50: <20mm.h
-
men up to 50:3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5.l
Question 108
Question
carbhemoglobin is a compound of
Question 109
Question
in the WBC defferntial count the neutrophilic band cells are
Answer
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Question 110
Question
in the WBC differential count the basophil granulocytes are
Answer
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Question 111
Question
in the WBC defferential count the eosinophil granulocytes are
Answer
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Question 112
Question
in the WBC defferential count the lymphocytes are
Answer
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Question 113
Question
in the WBC differential count the monocytes are
Answer
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Question 114
Question
bleeding time is
Answer
-
1-12ng.ml
-
2-5min
-
11-14s
-
2.0-4.5g.l
-
136-151mmol.l
Question 115
Question
which hormones reduced erythropoiesis
Answer
-
androgens
-
growth hormones
-
glucocorticoids
-
estrogens
-
erythropoietin
Question 116
Question
erythropoiesis stimulating factors are
Answer
-
erythropoietin
-
vitB12 and folic acid
-
iron
-
testosterone
-
all of the above
Question 117
Question
the valency of iron in the hem group is
Question 118
Question 119
Question
the plasma of blood type A contains
Question 120
Question
the plasma of blood type B contains
Question 121
Question
the plasma of blood type 0 contains
Question 122
Question
the lymphatic system is one of the main pathways for the absorption of
Answer
-
lipids
-
carbohydrates
-
proteins
-
water
-
micronutrients