The Stomach and Spleen

In which regions of the abdomen is the stomach located? Check all that apply.

What is visceroptosis?

Loss of tone in the stomach can occur due to loss of adequate nervous supply by the vagus nerve.

Label this image to give the names of each stomach shape based on its tone.

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the different body types shown here. These body types will have different tones to their stomachs (i.e. skinnier, taller people will have taller, thinner stomachs.)

Label this image to show the parts of the stomach.

What do glands in the pylorus secrete?

Which of the following substances are secreted by glands in the body of the stomach?

What type of epithelium is found in the oesophagus?

What epithelium is found in the cardia?

There is no true sphincter as the gastroesophageal junction.

Fill in the blanks below to describe the structures surrounding the gastresophageal junction. There is no [blank_start]anatomical[blank_end] lower oesophageal sphincter because the muscular wall of the oseophagus does not [blank_start]thicken[blank_end] at this region. However, at the oseophageal hiatus in the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end], the [blank_start]skeletal[blank_end] muscle of the diaphragm loops around the [blank_start]oesophagus[blank_end]. This creates a functional sphincter whereby [blank_start]contraction[blank_end] of the diaphragm controls entry into the stomach.

Where is there a true sphincter in the stomach?

Why is the duodenum located slightly above the pyloric antrum, creating the stomach's J shape?

An empty stomach contains a minimum of [blank_start]75[blank_end]ml of chyme. A full stomach can hold up to [blank_start]2[blank_end]l of chyme. Storage occurs in the stomach for around [blank_start]4[blank_end] hours before emptying into the duodenum.

Alcohol and aspirin are absorbed in the stomach.

This diagram shows the innermost layer of the gut wall - the mucosa. Label it.

This image shows the intermediate layer of the gut wall - the submucosa. Label it.

This image shows the outermost layer of the gut wall - muscularis externa. Label it.

Why are there accessory ducts in the mucosal layer of the gut wall?

What is the submucosal plexus also known as?

What is the myenteric plexus also known as?

The gut wall is accessed by blood vessels and nerves via the particular organ's adventitia or serosa.

An [blank_start]adventitia[blank_end] is a connective tissue surrounding the retroperitoneal organs of the gut. A [blank_start]serosa[blank_end] is peritoneal membranes wrapping around the intraperitoneal organs of the gut.

The foregut and midgut receive parasympathetic innervation from what?

The hindgut receives parasympathetic innervation from what?

The stomach has an additional inner layer of its muscularis externa known as the oblique muscle.

What name is given to the folds of the mucosal layer of the stomach that allow expansion of the stomach upon addition of chyme?

Venous drainage of the stomach drains back to what?

Label this image to show the venous drainage of the stomach. It's not as complicated as it looks!

The venous drainage of the oesophagus occurs mainly via which vein?

What will happen to the venous drainage of the stomach of the hepatic portal vein is blocked?

Label this image to show the arterial supply to the stomach.

Ultimately, where do all of the lymphatic nodes of the stomach drain to?

Label this image to show the lymph nodes of the stomach.

Only the gut lymphatics drain to the pre-aortic lymph nodes. Where do the other organ lymphatics drain to?

The sympathetic nerve supply to the stomach arises from the [blank_start]coeliac[blank_end] ganglion. Preganglionic sympathetic nerves arise from spinal nerves T[blank_start]6[blank_end]-T[blank_start]9[blank_end] and synapse in this ganglion. Postganglionic sympathetic nerves synapse at the [blank_start]stomach wall[blank_end]. [blank_start]Afferent[blank_end] branches of these sympathetic nerves refer pain to the [blank_start]epigastric[blank_end] region. [blank_start]Efferent[blank_end] branches of these sympathetic nerves facilitate vaso[blank_start]constriction[blank_end] and inhibit [blank_start]peristalsis[blank_end].

Which branch of the vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the posterior of the stomach?

Which branch of the vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the anterior of the stomach?

The vagus nerve stimulates motor and secretory functions of the stomach.

Between which ribs does the spleen sit?

The spleen is not normally palpable.

To palpate the spleen, we need to lower it by [blank_start]bimanual[blank_end] palpation. The [blank_start]notch[blank_end] on the anterior border of the spleen can be visible through the skin when the spleen is [blank_start]swollen[blank_end].

Label the visceral surface of the spleen to show its relations.

Drag and drop this image to label the internal structure of the stomach.

When does the common hepatic artery become the proper hepatic artery?

Which branch off the proper hepatic artery occurs first?

Where does the right gastric artery branch off of?

What do the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries branch off of?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply to the stomach.

The coeliac trunk gives rise to which of the following arteries?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the branches of the coeliac trunk.

The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ.

Where would you find the branches of the vagus nerve on the stomach?

Where does the spleen develop?

What is derived from the dorsal mesogastrium?

The gastroduodenal artery descends posterior to the first part of the duodenum.