Mitochondria: Structure, function and development

This is our learning resource on Mitochondria, in the form of a quiz. There may be more than one correct answer for each question, or equally just one. It is advised that this quiz is used as a consolidation resource, and that lectures have been revised, as well as the content of "Karp, G. C. (2014). Cell Biology. 7th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley." is covered (or any other molecular cell biology text book. Here is a practice at answering: Mitochondria are an organelle within the cell. True or False?

What does the outer boundary of a mitochondria contain?

What is the inner membrane subdivided into?

Approximately what length is a mitochondrion?

According to one of the structural models, what structure joins the major domains of the inner membrane?

What characteristic makes the outer membrane permeable?

Why is the mitochondria termed as 'semi-autonomous'?

How do mitochondria normally exist in cells?

What does fusion of mitochondria result in the mixing of?

What are 2 important roles of mitochondrial fusion?

What does mitochondrial division facilitate?

What are the only outer membrane proteins essential for fusion of mitochondria?

What mediate the division events of mitochondria?

The placement of the mitochondrial division site is dependent on an interaction with which other organelle?

Mitochondria will elongate and form net-like structures due to?

Which of these is NOT a result of loss of mitochondrial fusion?

Mitochondria are continually fusing and dividing, they are likely to contain...

ATP synthase is embedded into the plasma membrane of the inner membrane of the mitochondria, but which part is this?

The generation of ATP via the use of a proton gradient is used by which ATP associated complex?

The C – subunits are used by protons as a transporter to ‘pass’ through the a – subunit. How many C – subunits are found in the bacterial/plastid ATP synthase complex?

True or false: the addition of a proton to the COOH group found on a C – subunit causes the neutralisation of the group which in turn generates the rotation seen in an active complex?

The use of opposite charges are used to generate the motion of the C – subunit which drives the rotation of the stalk. The attraction between the COO- group and which amino acid on the Stator causes the motion?

How many α and β subunits are there on the head of each ATP synthase?

What causes the α and β subunits to change from an open to a loose to a tight formation to generate ATP?

True or false: ATP synthase can associate together, with their stalk regions back to back to form a dimer?

The Respirasome is a complex of multiple complexes which are used in the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the make-up of the Respirasome?

The action of Complex I, allows for the translocation of four protons into the intermembrane space, this action is also coupled with which other process?

Which of the following is NOT another name for Complex II?

Complex III contains cytochrome b, cytochrome c, and Fe-S Reiske protein. Which of these structures is encoded for by a mitochondrial gene?

Complex IV makes use of atmospheric oxygen to generate water. This process is achieved via the creation of what, between haem groups CuB and a3, causing the reduction of oxygen?

What role does Mitochondria have in regulating the levels of calcium in the cell?

Mitochondria has various functions in the cell apart from oxidative phosphorylation. Which of these is also a mitochondrial function?

Read this paper: Xu, Y., Peng, L. and Li, Y. (2005). Impaired development of mitochondria plays a role in the central nervous system defects of fetal alcohol syndrome. Birth Defects Research 73: 83-91. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdra.20110/full According to the paper, why is full mitochondrial development important within mammals (3 marks):