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Biology 183 Quiz 9 Questions

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Bacterial and Viral Genetics and Genetic Technology and Bioinformatics
Ariana Betts
Quiz by Ariana Betts, updated more than 1 year ago
Ariana Betts
Created by Ariana Betts over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following is a major function of macrophages?
Answer
  • attacking cancerous cells
  • secreting antibodies
  • attacking cells infected by a virus
  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is a major function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
Answer
  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
  • secreting antibodies
  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes
  • attacking cancerous cells
  • attacking cells infected by a virus

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is a major function of B lymphocytes?
Answer
  • attacking cancerous cells
  • secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes
  • secreting antibodies
  • attacking cells infected by a virus
  • engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 4

Question
Antibiotics (such as penicillin) are produced naturally by
Answer
  • certain fungi and bacteria
  • macrophages
  • B lymphocytes
  • viruses
  • T lymphocytes

Question 5

Question
An antibiotic (such as penicillin) works by
Answer
  • destroying all antigens present in the body
  • killing viruses only
  • killing both bacteria and viruses
  • killing bacteria only
  • neutralizing bacterial toxins

Question 6

Question
The main function of an antibody is to
Answer
  • initiate the destruction of bacteria
  • stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes
  • destroy cells infected by a virus
  • destroy cancerous cells
  • engulf bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Answer
  • bacteria are not affected by antibiotics
  • bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells
  • all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful
  • bacteria are harmful to the environment
  • bacteria cause disease by secreting toxins

Question 8

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Answer
  • bacteria are not affected by antibiotics
  • there are many beneficial bacteria that live within the human body
  • bacteria are harmful to the environment
  • bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells
  • all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful

Question 9

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Answer
  • Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics.
  • Bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells.
  • All bacteria that enter the body are harmful.
  • Bacteria play an essential role in nature's chemical recycling.
  • Most bacteria are harmful to the environment.

Question 10

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Answer
  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
  • They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.
  • They enable some bacteria to become pathogens.
  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.

Question 11

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Answer
  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
  • They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.
  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
  • They enable some bacteria to resist antibiotics.
  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.

Question 12

Question
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Answer
  • They enable some bacteria to utilize rare nutrients.
  • They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
  • They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
  • They are short, straight segments of DNA.
  • They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.

Question 13

Question
Mad cow disease is caused by
Answer
  • a virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
  • a virus that infects neurons.
  • a prion that infects brain tissue.
  • a bacteria that weakens the immune system.
  • a bacteria that infects brain tissue.

Question 14

Question
AIDS is a disease that is caused by
Answer
  • a prion that destroys lymphocytes.
  • a virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
  • a viroid.
  • a virus that infects B lymphocytes.
  • a bacteria that kills macrophages.

Question 15

Question
A viroid is a
Answer
  • piece of RNA that infects plant cells.
  • virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
  • virus that infects bacteria.
  • type of bacteria that lives in the intestine.
  • protein that infects brain tissue.

Question 16

Question
Which of the following are found in a virus?
Answer
  • nucleic acids
  • all of these
  • enzymes
  • attachment structures such as spikes
  • capsid coat

Question 17

Question
Viruses are not true cells because
Answer
  • They lack nucleic acids.
  • They cannot reproduce unless inside of a host cell.
  • They are slightly smaller than prokaryotic cells.
  • They consist of one small piece of protein.
  • They cause human disease.

Question 18

Question
Which of the following happens when a RNAcontaining virus infects a cell?
Answer
  • The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.
  • The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.
  • The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral DNA.
  • The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.
  • The virus provides ATP for the cell.

Question 19

Question
Which of the following happens when a DNAcontaining virus infects a cell?
Answer
  • The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.
  • The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral DNA.
  • The virus provides ATP for the cell.
  • The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.
  • The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.

Question 20

Question
Which of the following best describes the enzyme "reverse transcriptase"?
Answer
  • It is an enzyme that RNA-viruses use to make the host cell copy DNA from viral RNA.
  • It is a human enzyme used in metabolism.
  • It is a bacterial enzyme used in transcription of bacterial DNA.
  • It is an enzyme that DNA viruses use to make the host cell copy RNA from viral DNA.
  • It is an enzyme that host cells use to destroy viruses.

Question 21

Question
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in nature?
Answer
  • They are used by fungi to kill bacteria.
  • They have no purpose in nature.
  • They are used by bacteria to prevent infection by viruses.
  • They are used by viruses to infect bacteria.
  • They are part of the human immune system.

Question 22

Question
How do biologists use restriction enzymes?
Answer
  • to cut DNA into thousands of 4nucleotide fragments
  • to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences to produce DNA fragments
  • none of these
  • to restrict the replication of DNA within cells
  • to cut RNA into several large fragments

Question 23

Question
What is the source of restriction enzymes?
Answer
  • They are manufactured in the laboratory.
  • They are obtained from fungi.
  • They are obtained from the human blood stream.
  • They are obtained from bacteria.
  • They are obtained from viruses.

Question 24

Question
One reason for using restriction enzyme technology is
Answer
  • to treat human disease
  • to identify the location of specific genes
  • to predict the function of specific genes
  • to begin the process of DNA fingerprinting
  • to identify the number of proteins in a cell

Question 25

Question
In the RFLP method of DNA fingerprinting, how are DNA fragments separated?
Answer
  • by paper chromatography
  • by centrifugation
  • by gel electrophoresis
  • by treatment with several different enzymes
  • none of these

Question 26

Question
In a DNA fingerprint using the RFLP method, what forms the bands of the "fingerprint"?
Answer
  • Each band is a single DNA fragment of a different length.
  • Each band is a group of DNA fragments of a different size.
  • none of these
  • Each band is DNA from a different cell type.
  • Each band is a RNA fragment with a different nucleotide sequence.

Question 27

Question
Microarrays are used to
Answer
  • determine which genes have been expressed by a given cell type
  • determine the nucleotide sequence of genes
  • none of these
  • determine whether mRNAs from a cell have been translated
  • determine which genes are present in the DNA of an organism

Question 28

Question
A cDNA probe is made by
Answer
  • none of these
  • using reverse transcriptase to copy mRNAs from the cytoplasm of cells
  • using reverse transcriptase to copy DNA from the nucleus of cells
  • using fluorescent nucleotides to label RNA with cells
  • using reverse transcriptase to copy premRNAs from the nucleus of cells

Question 29

Question
cDNA probes are used to
Answer
  • determine which pre-mRNAs are present within the nucleus of a cell
  • determine the nucleotide sequence of a given gene
  • determine which genes have been expressed by a cell
  • none of these
  • determine which genes are present within the nucleus of a cell

Question 30

Question
A proteome is
Answer
  • all types of RNA present within a cell
  • all of the proteins present within a cell
  • all of the mRNA present within a cell
  • all of the genes present within a cell
  • none of these

Question 31

Question
A genome is
Answer
  • none of these
  • all types of RNA present within a cell
  • all of the mRNA present within a cell
  • all of the proteins present within a cell
  • all of the genes present within a cell

Question 32

Question
Which of the following is true of a cell's proteome?
Answer
  • It represents all of the proteins within a cell.
  • It is equivalent to the number of mRNAs within a cell.
  • It includes all types of DNA and RNA within a cell.
  • none of these
  • It represents all of the genes within a cell.

Question 33

Question
Where is DNA located within plant cells?
Answer
  • In chloroplasts only
  • In mitochondria only
  • In chloroplasts and the nucleus only
  • In all of these organelles
  • In the nucleus only

Question 34

Question
Regarding extranuclear DNA, where is it located within eukaryotic cells?
Answer
  • within the nucleolus
  • within smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • within cytoplasmic ribosomes
  • within the cytoskeleton
  • within mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 35

Question
What is the probable origin of extranuclear DNA in eukaryotes?
Answer
  • It is DNA that leaked out of the nucleus during evolution of eukaryotic cells.
  • It is the result of viral infections of eukaryotic cells.
  • none of these
  • It became part of the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells.
  • It was present in prokaryotes that became endosymbionts of eukaryotic cells.

Question 36

Question
In current studies of human ancestry based on maternal inheritance, which of the following approaches is used?
Answer
  • the entire genome is analyzed
  • mitochondrial DNA is analyzed
  • cDNA probes and microarrays are used
  • none of these
  • the entire proteome is analyzed

Question 37

Question
In eukaryotic organisms, mitochondrial DNA
Answer
  • is inherited only from the male parent
  • is not passed from parent to offspring
  • is inherited from both parents
  • is inherited only from the female parent
  • is only present if the offspring has been infected by a virus

Question 38

Question
Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA can be use to determine
Answer
  • all of these
  • whether a person is related to a dead person
  • whether a person is related to another living person
  • in what region of the world a person's ancestors lived
  • none of these

Question 39

Question
How can a researcher locate species that have genes which are homologous to a given human gene?
Answer
  • By using the computer program BLAST
  • none of these
  • By performing a microarray analysis
  • By using cDNA probes to locate mRNA
  • By determining the sequence of the human gene

Question 40

Question
How can the computer program BLAST be used?
Answer
  • To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis
  • To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein sequencing"
  • To locate genes of other species that are homologous to a known gene
  • all of these
  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"

Question 41

Question
How can the computer program BLAST be used?
Answer
  • all of these
  • To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis
  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"
  • To determine which animal species have proteins similar to a given human protein based on amino acid sequence.
  • To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein sequencing"

Question 42

Question
The human genome project determined that human DNA consists of
Answer
  • 300,000 nucleotides
  • 3 million nucleotides
  • 3 million genes
  • 3 billion proteins
  • 3 billion nucelotides

Question 43

Question
What was the purpose of the human genome project?
Answer
  • To determine whether all humans have the same type of genes
  • To determine which genes are expressed in each type of human cell
  • none of these
  • To determine the amino acid sequence of all proteins in human cells
  • To determine the nucleotide sequence of all DNA in human cells

Question 44

Question
What was the source of DNA used in the human genome project?
Answer
  • DNA was obtained from 100 people who agreed to have their names published.
  • DNA was obtained anonymously from 100 people, but only a few samples were used.
  • DNA was obtained anonymously from about 10,000 people and pooled.
  • DNA was obtained from several samples used in forensic investigations.
  • DNA was obtained from a single person--the man in charge of the project.
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