Question 1
Question
According to current estimates, how many Americans have some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Answer
-
>80 million
-
>20 million
-
>40 million
-
>60 million
Question 2
Question
Which of the following factors that contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not the result of lifestyle choices?
Answer
-
Obesity
-
Family genetics
-
Type A personality
-
Smoking
Question 3
Question
What form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single largest killer of Americans each year?
Question 4
Question
Long QT syndrome , also called prolonged QT syndrome, is a group of disorders that increases the risk for sudden death from an arrhythmia slightly more common in:
Answer
-
women
-
chronic drug abusers.
-
men
-
the elderly.
Question 5
Question
The two superior chambers of the heart are the _____ and they _____.
Answer
-
ventricles, pump to the atria
-
atria, pump blood to the ventricles
-
ventricles, receive blood from throughout the body
-
atria, pump throughout the bodies
Question 6
Question
The vascular system and the tissues are able to exchange gases, fluids, and nutrients through the very thin:
Answer
-
capillary walls.
-
venules
-
alveoli
-
arterioles
Question 7
Question
Intraventricular pressures are higher on the left than on the right because:
Answer
-
the systemic circulation offers less resistance to blood flow than the lungs
-
the right ventricle is a larger muscle mass than the left ventricle.
-
it is harder to pump blood through the aortic valve.
-
the lungs offer less resistance to blood flow than the systemic circulation.
Question 8
Question
The first sound auscultated (S1) when listening to heart sounds occurs during which of the following events?
Question 9
Question
The three types of electrocardiogram (ECG) leads are bipolar, augmented, and:
Answer
-
implanted.
-
central.
-
tripolar
-
precordial
Question 10
Question
Which of the following is a cause for artifact appearing on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Question 11
Question
The most common electrocardiogram (ECG) leads used for monitoring are:
Question 12
Question
When an impulse is traveling away from a positive electrode, this will appear as a wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing in which direction?
Answer
-
Null
-
Isoelectric
-
Upward
-
Downward
Question 13
Question
When looking at an electrocardiogram (ECG), the P wave is representative of what?
Question 14
Question
The total duration of ventricular depolarization is known as the:
Answer
-
PR interval.
-
QT interval.
-
QRS interval.
-
corrected QT interval.
Question 15
Question
While it can be present in cases of hypokalemia, this wave can also be a normal and nonpathological electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristic.
Answer
-
Absent P wave
-
Long P-R interval
-
Peaked T wave
-
U wave
Question 16
Question
When looking to determine the particular amplitude of an electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform, the paramedic should evaluate what aspect of the printed ECG strip?
Question 17
Question
If a patient has a PR interval that is 7 mm (7 small boxes) in duration, what can be said about the overall electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Answer
-
There is heightened conductivity between the atria and ventricles.
-
The Purkinje fibers are not conducting properly.
-
The SA node is failing to discharge.
-
There is a conduction delay in the atrioventricular (AV) node.
Question 18
Question
A phasic variation of the R-R interval that is related to the respiratory cycle and changes in intrathoracic pressure produces which of the following rhythms on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
Answer
-
Sinus bradycardia
-
Sinus arrhythmia
-
Sinus block
-
Sinus arrest
Question 19
Question
When a patient experiences a sudden increase in cholinergic tone or has intrinsic SA node disease, this may lead to the development of which of the following ECG rhythms?
Question 20
Question
The electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm you see is a regular, narrow-complex rhythm that has 1 upright P wave for every QRS complex; QRS complexes measure 0.08 seconds, and the PR interval is 0.16 seconds; heart rate is 140 beats/minute. Which of the following best labels this rhythm?
Answer
-
Ventricular tachycardia
-
Normal sinus rhythm
-
Junctional tachycardia
-
Sinus tachycardia
Question 21
Question
What mechanism of abnormal impulse formation is responsible for sustaining rapid rhythms such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?
Answer
-
Excitability
-
Ectopic
-
Automaticity
-
Reentry
Question 22
Question
When evaluating an electrocardiogram (ECG), you note that in lead III the QRS complex duration is 0.16 seconds. What does this finding imply?
Answer
-
Delayed conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle branches
-
Normality
-
Delayed conduction through the ventricular conduction system
-
Enhanced conduction from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers
Question 23
Question
You are looking at an electrocardiogram (ECG) that displays normal P waves at 80/min with a 1:1 relationship with the QRS, a PRI with a 0.24 second conduction, and the width of the QRS is 0.14 seconds. The T wave is positively deflected. What is the most likely name of this rhythm?
Answer
-
Normal sinus rhythm
-
Sinus rhythm with a Mobitz I heart block
-
Normal sinus rhythm with evidence of myocardial ischemia
-
Sinus rhythm with a first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and a bundle branch block
Question 24
Question
You are managing a patient who has a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) rhythm at a rate of 260/min. Which of the following best describes the rhythm's effect on the patient's hemodynamic status?
Answer
-
It results in peripheral vasodilation.
-
There will be an increase in coronary artery perfusion.
-
The rapid rate will result in myocardial infarction.
-
This results in decreased cardiac output.
Question 25
Question
How many people in the United States are estimated to have hypertension?
Answer
-
50 million
-
500 million
-
150 million
-
5 million
Question 26
Question
What form of cardiovascular disease is the single largest killer of Americans each year?
Question 27
Question
Which of the following factors that contributes to CVD is not the result of lifestyle choices?
Answer
-
Obesity
-
Family genetics
-
Smoking
-
Type A personality
Question 28
Question
Which of the following is NOT thought to, or proven to, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Answer
-
Oral contraceptives
-
Obesity
-
Type A personality
-
Hypocholesterolemia
Question 29
Question
Which of the following risk factors are thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Answer
-
Older age
-
Male gender
-
Smoking
-
Poor diet
Question 30
Question
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?
Answer
-
Hypertension
-
Male gender
-
Family history
-
Older age
Question 31
Question
Which one of the following patients is most susceptible to developing cardiovascular disease?
Answer
-
A 64-year-old male, three-pack-per-day smoker
-
A 29-year-old female recreational smoker
-
A 19-year-old male with type A personality
-
A 40-year-old female taking oral contraceptives
Question 32
Question
Which of the following patients is least likely to develop cardiovascular disease, compared to the others?
Answer
-
44-year-old male smoker and cocaine abuser
-
50-year-old male with chronic hypertension
-
38-year-old obese female with type 1 diabetes
-
25-year-old female taking birth control pills
Question 33
Question
The two superior chambers of the heart are the ____________________and they ___________.
Answer
-
atria, pump blood to the ventricles
-
atria, pump throughout the bodies
-
ventricles, receive blood from throughout the body
-
ventricles, pump to the atria
Question 34
Question
The two major components of the cardiovascular system are the:
Question 35
Question
The vascular system and the tissues are able to exchange gases, fluids, and nutrients through the very thin:
Answer
-
alveoli
-
arterioles
-
venules
-
capillary walls.
Question 36
Question
Intracardiac pressures are higher on the left than on the right because
Answer
-
it is harder to pump blood through the aortic valve.
-
the lungs offer less resistance to blood flow than the systemic circulation.
-
the systemic circulation offers less resistance to blood flow than the lungs.
-
the right ventricle is a larger muscle mass than the left ventricle.
Question 37
Question
The first sound auscultated (S Subscript 1) when listening to heart sounds occurs during which of the following events?
Question 38
Question
The three types of ECG leads are bipolar, augmented, and
Answer
-
tripolar
-
central
-
implanted
-
precordial
Question 39
Question
Which of the following is a cause for artifact appearing on the ECG?
Question 40
Question
The most common ECG leads used for monitoring are:
Question 41
Question
According to Einthoven's triangle, lead I is characterized by:
Answer
-
left arm positive, right arm negative.
-
right arm positive, left arm negative.
-
left leg positive, left arm negative.
-
Left leg positive, right arm negative.
Question 42
Question
When an impulse is traveling toward a negative electrode, this will appear as a(n) _________ deflection on the ECG.
Answer
-
upward
-
downward
-
positive
-
isoelectric
Question 43
Question
From the ECG graph, 1 small box =
Answer
-
1.0 sec.
-
0.04 sec.
-
0.20 sec.
-
0.01 sec.
Question 44
Question
When looking at an ECG, the P wave is representative of what?
Question 45
Question
The total duration of ventricular depolarization is known as the:
Answer
-
QRS interval.
-
corrected QT interval.
-
QT interval.
-
PR interval.
Question 46
Question
While it can be present in cases of hypokalemia, this wave can also be a normal and non-pathological ECG characteristic:
Answer
-
Absent P wave
-
Long P-R interval
-
U wave
-
Peaked T wave
Question 47
Question
When looking to determine the particular amplitude of an ECG waveform, the paramedic should evaluate what aspect of the printed ECG strip?
Question 48
Question
Which of the following ECG lines is disturbed by myocardial infarction?
Answer
-
QRS interval
-
QT interval
-
ST segment
-
PR interval
Question 49
Question
If a patient has a PR interval that is 7 mm (7 small boxes) in duration, what can be said about the overall ECG?
Answer
-
The SA node is failing to discharge.
-
There is a conduction delay in the AV node.
-
The Purkinje fibers are not conducting properly.
-
There is heightened conductivity between the atria and ventricles.
Question 50
Question
A phasic variation of the R-R interval that is related to the respiratory cycle and changes in intrathoracic pressure produces which of the following rhythms on the ECG?
Answer
-
Sinus arrest
-
Sinus block
-
Sinus bradycardia
-
Sinus arrhythmia
Question 51
Question
The ECG monitor shows the following: no rate, no rhythm, P waves that are regular in spacing, no QRS complexes. What would you call this rhythm?
Answer
-
Cardiac standstill
-
Ventricular fibrillation
-
Idioventricular rhythm
-
Artificial pacemaker
Question 52
Question
If the patient is displaying a normal sinus rhythm in lead II, which of the following statements would be true?
Answer
-
The P to T wave interval should be >30 small boxes.
-
The QRS width should be 4 mm.
-
The R-R duration should be regular.
-
The T wave should be negatively deflected.
Question 53
Question
A tracing that you see on the ECG monitor has no discernible P waves, QRS width of 0.08 seconds, a ventricular rate between 64 and 82, and has an irregular rhythm to it. What would you call this rhythm?
Answer
-
Ventricular fibrillation
-
Atrial fibrillation
-
Ventricular tachycardia
-
Atrial flutter
Question 54
Question
When a patient experiences a sudden increase in cholinergic tone or has intrinsic SA node disease, this may lead to the development of which of the following ECG rhythms?
Question 55
Question
The ECG rhythm you see is a regular, narrow-complex rhythm that has 1 upright P wave for every QRS complex; QRS complexes measure 0.08 seconds, and the PR interval is 0.16 seconds; heart rate is 140 beats/minute. Which of the following best labels this rhythm?
Answer
-
Junctional tachycardia
-
Sinus tachycardia
-
Normal sinus rhythm
-
Ventricular tachycardia
Question 56
Question
What is the best explanation of an ECG tracing that shows progressive changes in the morphology of the P wave from beat to beat in at least 3 consecutive beats?
Answer
-
Rapid reentry into an atrial circuit and the AV node that is associated with organic heart disease
-
Multiple areas of reentry within the atria or multiple ectopic foci bombarding the AV node
-
Passive transfer of pacemaker sites from the sinus node to other latent pacemaker sites in the atria and AV junction
-
A single electrical impulse originating in the atria outside the SA node, causing premature depolarization
Question 57
Question
What mechanism of abnormal impulse formation is responsible for sustaining rapid rhythms such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?
Answer
-
Excitability
-
Reentry
-
Ectopic
-
Automaticity
Question 58
Question
When evaluating an ECG, you note that in lead III the QRS complex duration is 0.16 seconds. What does this finding imply?
Answer
-
Enhanced conduction from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers
-
Delayed conduction through the AV node and bundle branches
-
Normality
-
Delayed conduction through the ventricular conduction system
Question 59
Question
Looking at an ECG strip, you count 14 QRS complexes in two 3-second marks. Your estimate for the heart rate would be:
Question 60
Question
Which of the following is likely to result in bradycardia?
Question 61
Question
Which of the following is TRUE regarding ventricular tachycardia?
Answer
-
Ventricular tachycardia cannot ever produce a palpable carotid pulse.
-
Ventricular tachycardia is caused when the atria fire before the ventricles.
-
Ventricular tachycardia can be triggered by a PVC firing in the relative refractory period.
-
Ventricular tachycardia always has a rate that is higher than 150 beats/minute.
Question 62
Question
You are looking at an ECG that displays normal P waves at 80/min with a 1:1 relationship with the QRS, a PRI with a 0.24 second conduction, and the width of the QRS is 0.14 seconds. The T wave is positively deflected. What is the most likely name of this rhythm?
Answer
-
Normal sinus rhythm with evidence of myocardial ischemia
-
Sinus rhythm with a first-degree AV block and a bundle branch block
-
Normal sinus rhythm
-
Sinus rhythm with a Mobitz I heart block
Question 63
Question
You are managing a patient that has an SVT rhythm at a rate of 260/min. Which of the following best describes the rhythm's effect on the patient's hemodynamic status?
Answer
-
This results in decreased cardiac output.
-
The rapid rate will result in myocardial infarction.
-
It results in peripheral vasodilation.
-
There will be an increase in coronary artery perfusion.
Question 64
Question
The ECG shows an irregular ventricular rhythm at a rate of 58; there are more P waves than QRS complexes; QRS width is 0.10 and the PR interval is constant for the conducted beats at a length of 0.20 seconds. What is this rhythm?