Chemistry Revision

Is a crude oil a mixture of many hydrocarbons?

Click what a hydrocarbon is made from...

Click all that apply... Why are fossil fuels described as finite resources and non-renewable?

Tick ALL problems that are associated with the finite nature of crude oil...

In the fractional distillation of crude oil:- Crude oil is [blank_start]heated.[blank_end] The fractionating column has a temperature [blank_start]gradient[blank_end] ([blank_start]cold[blank_end] at the top and [blank_start]hot[blank_end] at the bottom). Fractions containing [blank_start]mixtures[blank_end] of hydrocarbons are obtained. The fractions contain many substances with [blank_start]similar[blank_end] boiling points. Fractions with low boiling points exit from the [blank_start]top[blank_end] of the column. Fractions with high boiling points exit from the [blank_start]bottom[blank_end] of the fractionating column.

LPG contains [blank_start]propane[blank_end] and [blank_start]butane.[blank_end]

Click the potential environmental problems involved in the transportation of crude oil...

The hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated by fractional distillation because the [blank_start]covalent[blank_end] bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms within a hydrocarbon are [blank_start]stronger[blank_end] than the [blank_start]weaker[blank_end] intermolecular forces between hydrocarbon molecules.

Intermolecular means [blank_start]between the molecules[blank_end] during boiling, intermolecular forces are [blank_start]broken[blank_end] but [blank_start]covalent[blank_end] bonds are not.

Intermolecular forces between large hydrocarbon molecules are [blank_start]stronger[blank_end] than those between smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Check the political problems associated with the exploitation of crude oil...

Cracking crude oil fractions:- Coverts [blank_start]large[blank_end] alkane molecules into smaller [blank_start]alkene[blank_end] molecules . Uses an [blank_start]aluminium oxide[blank_end] catalyst at a [blank_start]high[blank_end] temperature. The alkene molecules made are useful because they can be used to make [blank_start]polymers.[blank_end]

When crude oil is distilled the volume of each fraction is not the same, we get too many [blank_start]long-chain[blank_end] hydrocarbons than are needed and not enough short-chain hydrocarbons (e.g. [blank_start]petrol[blank_end]) to meet the demand for them. Cracking helps an oil refinery match its supply of useful products (such as petrol) to the [blank_start]demand[blank_end] for them.

List the seven factors to consider when choosing the best fossil fuel:- T[blank_start]oxicity[blank_end] (of fumes) E[blank_start]nergy Value[blank_end] A[blank_start]vailability[blank_end] [blank_start]Cost[blank_end] U[blank_start]sability[blank_end] (light it easily? move it easily?) P[blank_start]ollution[blank_end] (green house effect/smoke) [blank_start]Storage[blank_end] (space used)

The amount of fossil fuels being burnt is increasing because of the growth of use in developing countries like India and China, and the world population is increasing... IS THIS TRUE?

Choose the word and symbol equations for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuels e.g. methane. (CH4)