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Chapter 23

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3410 Anatomy Quiz on Chapter 23, created by Avi Chudasama on 15/12/2015.
Avi Chudasama
Quiz by Avi Chudasama, updated more than 1 year ago
Avi Chudasama
Created by Avi Chudasama over 8 years ago
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Question 1

Question
In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by
Answer
  • Secreting erythropoietin
  • Secreting rennin
  • Deaminating amino acids
  • Producing uric acid
  • Contributing to calcium homeostasis

Question 2

Question
This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of
Answer
  • Ammonia
  • Azotemia
  • Uric acid
  • Creatinine
  • Urea

Question 3

Question
Which organ system does not excrete waste?
Answer
  • The urinary system
  • The respiratory system
  • The digestive system
  • The integumentary system
  • The cardiovascular system

Question 4

Question
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Answer
  • They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids
  • They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
  • They help control blood pressure
  • They release waste into the bloodstream
  • They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?
Answer
  • Urethra
  • Collecting duct
  • Ureter
  • Urinary bladder
  • Kidney

Question 6

Question
A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
Answer
  • Pyuria
  • Hematuria
  • Albuminuria
  • Uremia
  • Phenylketonuria

Question 7

Question
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as
Answer
  • The perirenal fat capsule
  • The renal fascia
  • The hilum
  • The fibrous capsule
  • The renal medulla

Question 8

Question
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
Answer
  • Two calyces and a renal pelvis
  • One pyramid and the overlying cortex
  • One major calyx and all of its minor calyces
  • A renal medulla and two renal columns
  • One collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Question 9

Question
A renal pyramid voids urine into
Answer
  • The minor calyx
  • The major calyx
  • The renal medulla
  • The renal papilla
  • The ureter

Question 10

Question
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
Answer
  • Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.
  • Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
  • Segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.
  • Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
  • Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.

Question 11

Question
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:
Answer
  • Glomerulus
  • Medulla
  • Cortical radiate veins
  • Peritubular capillaries
  • Vasa recta

Question 12

Question
The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney
Answer
  • 1.2 million
  • 2.4 Million
  • 3.6 million
  • 5.6 million
  • 4.8 million

Question 13

Question
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
Answer
  • interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
  • segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
  • interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

Question 14

Question
Blood plasma is filtered in
Answer
  • The renal tubule
  • The renal corpuscle
  • The renal capsule
  • The renal column
  • The renal calyx

Question 15

Question
Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?
Answer
  • Macula densa cells
  • Mesangial cells
  • Nephrocytes
  • Podocytes
  • Monocytes

Question 16

Question
All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
Answer
  • The thin segment of the nephron loop
  • The thick segment of the nephron loop
  • The collecting duct
  • The proximal convoluted tubule
  • The distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Question
Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
Answer
  • Cortical nephrons
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
  • Collecting ducts
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convoluted tubules

Question 18

Question
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
Answer
  • Plasma
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • Tubular Fluid
  • Renal filtrate
  • Medullary filtrate

Question 19

Question
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I
Answer
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Spleen

Question 20

Question
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
Answer
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convolutes tubules
  • Loops of Henle
  • Collecting ducts
  • Glomeruli

Question 21

Question
Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:
Answer
  • Potassium
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Hydrogen Ions
  • Urea
  • Water

Question 22

Question
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
Answer
  • Increasing glomerular filtration rate
  • Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
  • Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
  • Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
  • Preventing sodium loss in the urine

Question 23

Question
Hypocalcemia stimulates
Answer
  • A decrease in aldosterone production
  • Secretion of parathyroid hormone
  • Secretion of renin
  • An increase in blood urea nitrogen
  • Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles

Question 24

Question
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Answer
  • Collecting Ducts
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Nephron loop

Question 25

Question
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
Answer
  • The body's water volume is high
  • The body's pH is low
  • The output of antidiuretic hormone is high
  • The output of natriuretic peptides is high
  • A person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high

Question 26

Question
Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
Answer
  • The collecting duct
  • The countercurrent multiplier
  • The length of the nephrons
  • Diuretics
  • The countercurrent exchange system

Question 27

Question
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules
Answer
  • Potassium; the same
  • Calcium; the opposite
  • Calcium; the same
  • Sodium; the opposite
  • Sodium; the same

Question 28

Question
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is
Answer
  • To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla

Question 29

Question
Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
Answer
  • Aldosterone
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Norepinephrine
  • Angiotensin II

Question 30

Question
Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:
Answer
  • Creatine
  • Urobilin
  • Glucose
  • Ammonia
  • Magnesium

Question 31

Question
What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?
Answer
  • Monochrome
  • Urochrome
  • Multichrome
  • Cyanochrome
  • Pyuria

Question 32

Question
The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:
Answer
  • 1.0 L
  • 1.5 L
  • 2.0 L
  • 0.5 L
  • 3.0 L

Question 33

Question
Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:
Answer
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Renal calculus
  • Pyelitis

Question 34

Question
Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:
Answer
  • The feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
  • The countercurrent multiplier system
  • The countercurrent exchanger system
  • Aquaporins of the collecting duct
  • The thirst mechanism and water intake

Question 35

Question
A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?
Answer
  • 40%
  • 56%
  • 64%
  • 72%
  • 80%

Question 36

Question
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?
Answer
  • insulin and glucose
  • inulin and creatinine
  • sodium and water
  • albumin and inulin
  • insulin and urea

Question 37

Question
Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:
Answer
  • it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.
  • it is secreted by the renal tubules.
  • it is absorbed by the renal tubules.
  • it is secreted by the glomerulus.
  • it is absorbed by the loop of Henle.

Question 38

Question
Which of the following is not found in the ureter?
Answer
  • Adventitia
  • Two layers of smooth muscle
  • Three layers of smoother muscle
  • Transitional epithelium
  • Skeletal muscle

Question 39

Question
Which muscle is located in the bladder?
Answer
  • Detrusor
  • Distractor
  • Pubococcygeus
  • corpus spongiosum
  • corpus cavernosum

Question 40

Question
Which is not a portion of the urethra?
Answer
  • external urethral orifice
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • prostatic urethra
  • membraneous urethra
  • spongy urethra

Question 41

Question
Micturition is another term for:
Answer
  • the production of nitrogenous wastes
  • glomerular filtration
  • the elimination of urine
  • the countercurrent multiplier process
  • inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 42

Question
The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes
Answer
  • True
  • False
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