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EMT midterm exam part 2

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Quiz on EMT midterm exam part 2, created by Victoria Magliulo on 21/03/2016.
Victoria Magliulo
Quiz by Victoria Magliulo, updated more than 1 year ago
Victoria Magliulo
Created by Victoria Magliulo over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
Answer
  • insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning
  • apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once
  • insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation
  • place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting

Question 2

Question
Ischemic heart disease is MOST accurately defined as:
Answer
  • absent myocardial blood flow due to a blocked coronary artery
  • decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium
  • death of a portion of the heart muscle due to a decrease in oxygen
  • decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary dilation

Question 3

Question
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:
Answer
  • myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen
  • the heart muscle progressively weakens and dysfunctions
  • coronary artery dilation decreases blood flow to the heart
  • the entire left ventricle is damaged and cannot pump blood

Question 4

Question
Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Answer
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypertension
  • diabetes mellitus
  • elevated cholesterol

Question 5

Question
Angina pectoris occurs when:
Answer
  • a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque
  • myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply
  • one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm
  • myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?
Answer
  • AMI is caused by myocardial ischemia
  • anginal pain typically subsides with rest
  • nitroglycerin has no effect on angina pectoris
  • pain from an AMI subsides within 30 minutes

Question 7

Question
When treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because:
Answer
  • angina usually occurs after an AMI
  • most patients with chest pain are experiencing an AMI
  • the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field
  • angina and AMI present identically

Question 8

Question
A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:
Answer
  • defibrillate with the AED while continuing transport to the hospital
  • stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible
  • perform CPR for 1 to 2 minutes and then analyze her rhythm with an AED
  • alert the receiving hospital and perform CPR for the duration of the transport

Question 9

Question
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:
Answer
  • begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED without delay
  • perform five cycles of high-quality CPR and then apply the AED
  • perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup
  • immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm

Question 10

Question
When would it be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin?
Answer
  • sharp pain that last longer than 10 to 15 minutes
  • an acute onset of dizziness during a period of exertion
  • chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest
  • difficulty breathing that awakens the patient from sleep

Question 11

Question
Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:
Answer
  • pallor, cool skin, and a temporary loss of hearing
  • syncope, a weak pulse, and bleeding from the ears
  • tachycardia, pain behind the eyes, and weakness
  • a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness

Question 12

Question
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
Answer
  • labored breathing
  • dependent edema
  • pulmonary edema
  • flat jugular veins

Question 13

Question
A 67-year-old female presents with difficultly breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:
Answer
  • nitroglycerin for her chest pain
  • ventilations with a bag-mask device
  • oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula
  • placing her in an upright position

Question 14

Question
Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:
Answer
  • decreased pumping force of the heart muscle
  • a profound increase in the patient's heart rate
  • hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting
  • widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature

Question 15

Question
Which of the following cardiac arrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?
Answer
  • sinus tachycardia
  • sinus bradycardia
  • extra ventricular beats
  • ventricular tachycardia

Question 16

Question
Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:
Answer
  • the volume of blood returning to the atria increases
  • the right ventricle does not adequately pump blood
  • blood backs up into the lungs and causes congestion
  • the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood

Question 17

Question
Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by:
Answer
  • cardiogenic shock
  • severe bradycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
  • congestive heart failure

Question 18

Question
Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:
Answer
  • a cardiac arrhythmia
  • congestive heart failure
  • significant hypotension
  • right ventricular failure

Question 19

Question
Which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct?
Answer
  • it is often described by the patient as a sharp feeling
  • it often fluctuates in intensity when the patient breathes
  • nitroglycerin usually resolves the pain within 30 minutes
  • it can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest

Question 20

Question
Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Answer
  • irregular heartbeat
  • sudden unexplained sweating
  • shortness of breath or dyspnea
  • pain exacerbated by breathing

Question 21

Question
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:
Answer
  • the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack
  • a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia
  • a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate
  • the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded

Question 22

Question
Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?
Answer
  • the potency of nitroglycerin is increased when exposed to light
  • a maximum of five nitroglycerin doses should be given to a patient
  • nitroglycerin should be administered between the cheek and gum
  • nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes

Question 23

Question
A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?
Answer
  • assisted ventilations with a bag-mask device and a head-to-toe exam
  • oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment
  • positive-pressure ventilations and immediate transport to the closest hospital
  • oxygen via a nasal cannula, vital signs, and prompt transport to the hospital

Question 24

Question
The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
Answer
  • severe stress
  • hypertension
  • heavy exertion
  • diabetes mellitus

Question 25

Question
Febrile seizures:
Answer
  • often results in permanent brain damage
  • are also referred to as petit mal seizures
  • are usually benign but should be evaluated
  • occur when a child's fever progressively rises

Question 26

Question
You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:
Answer
  • cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula
  • transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route
  • advise the mother to take her child to the doctor the following day
  • call medical control and request permission to give the child aspirin

Question 27

Question
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?
Answer
  • a 3-month-old female who was born prematurely
  • a 17-year-old male with depression and anxiety
  • a 35-year-old female in the later stages of AIDS
  • an 88-year-old male with chronic renal problems

Question 28

Question
You are caring for a semiconscious man with left-sided paralysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include:
Answer
  • oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport
  • assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, right lateral recumbent position, and transport
  • an oral airway, assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, Fowler's position, and transport
  • oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, supine position with legs elevated 6" to 12", and transport

Question 29

Question
Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:
Answer
  • place a bite block in her month in case she has a seizure and transport at once
  • apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, place her on her left side, and transport
  • assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport
  • apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and transport her for a blood-alcohol test

Question 30

Question
What Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score would you assign to a patient who response to painful stimuli, uses inappropriate words, and maintains his or her arms in a flexed position?
Answer
  • 6
  • 8
  • 9
  • 10

Question 31

Question
You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:
Answer
  • repeat the arm drift test and ensure that her palms are facing downwards
  • repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself
  • instruct the patient to keep her eyes open and then repeat the arm drift test
  • defer this part of the test and assess her for facial droop and slurred speech

Question 32

Question
When assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
Answer
  • observe for approximately 5 minutes
  • expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patient's side
  • ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment
  • ask the patient to hold his or her arms up with the palms down

Question 33

Question
Functions of the liver include:
Answer
  • storage of bile, which is produced in the gallbladder
  • production of substances necessary for blood clotting
  • production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels
  • release of amylase, which breaks down starches into sugar

Question 34

Question
Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?
Answer
  • liver
  • kidney
  • spleen
  • pancreas

Question 35

Question
The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:
Answer
  • retaining key electrolytes, such as potassium
  • eliminating toxic waste products from the body
  • removing sodium, and thus water, from the body
  • accommodating a large amount of blood volume

Question 36

Question
A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is:
Answer
  • acute cystitis
  • acute cholecystitis
  • appendicitis
  • pancreatitis

Question 37

Question
Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of:
Answer
  • acute pancreatitis
  • an aortic aneurysm
  • a kidney infection
  • acute appendicitis

Question 38

Question
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
Answer
  • the most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver
  • the parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed and irritated
  • the initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized
  • an acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs

Question 39

Question
Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia are MOST indicative of:
Answer
  • pancreatitis
  • appendicitis
  • cholecystitis
  • gastroenteritis

Question 40

Question
Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:
Answer
  • drink a lot of alcohol
  • have severe diabetes
  • have a history of esophagitis
  • have weak immune systems

Question 41

Question
Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:
Answer
  • lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen
  • sit in a semi-Fowler position with their knees slightly bent
  • lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position
  • sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdomen muscles

Question 42

Question
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
Answer
  • acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis
  • hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis
  • patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness
  • the purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water

Question 43

Question
You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:
Answer
  • leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport
  • place him in a supine position, elevate his lower extremities, and transport at once
  • treat for shock and request a paramedic unit to respond to the scene and assist you
  • perform a detailed secondary assessment and then transport him to a dialysis center

Question 44

Question
Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):
Answer
  • disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
  • abnormally high blood glucose level
  • mass excretion of glucose by the kidneys
  • lack of insulin production in the pancreas

Question 45

Question
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Answer
  • most cells will function normally without glucose
  • blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin
  • the brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen
  • the brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells

Question 46

Question
Ketone production is the result of:
Answer
  • acidosis when blood glucose levels are low
  • blood glucose levels higher than 120 mg/dL
  • fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable
  • rapid entry of glucose across the cell membrane

Question 47

Question
Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
Answer
  • attempting to eliminate acids from the blood
  • trying to generate energy by breathing deeply
  • severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2
  • compensating for decreased blood glucose levels

Question 48

Question
the normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:
Answer
  • 60 and 80 mg/dL
  • 80 and 120 mg/dL
  • 130 and 150 mg/dL
  • 160 and 200 mg/dL

Question 49

Question
Which of the following statements regarding diabetic coma is correct?
Answer
  • diabetic coma can be prevented by taking smaller insulin doses
  • diabetic coma typically develops over a period of hours or days
  • patients with low blood glucose levels are prone to diabetic coma
  • diabetic coma rapidly progesses aonce hyperglycemia develops

Question 50

Question
Hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and more severely in children because:
Answer
  • they have larger glucose stores than adults do
  • they do not always eat correctly and on schedule
  • their cells do not uptake glucose as fast as adults' do
  • their low activity levels cause rapid glucose depletion

Question 51

Question
Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:
Answer
  • sunken eyes
  • hyperactivity
  • warm, dry skin
  • combativeness

Question 52

Question
In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
Answer
  • is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given
  • commonly results in excess water retention
  • can only be corrected in the hospital setting
  • is a rapidly developing metabolic distrubance

Question 53

Question
A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:
Answer
  • hypoglycemia
  • an acute stroke
  • hyperglycemia
  • a heart attack

Question 54

Question
You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:
Answer
  • oxygen
  • glucagon
  • insulin
  • dextrose

Question 55

Question
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
Answer
  • an unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin
  • a conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting
  • a semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex
  • a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

Question 56

Question
An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) [blank_start]hemolytic[blank_end] crisis.
Answer
  • hemolytic
  • aplastic
  • vaso-occlusive
  • splenic sequestration

Question 57

Question
Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:
Answer
  • suction the airway
  • perform a blind finger sweep
  • perform 30 chest compressions
  • ventilate again with greater force

Question 58

Question
Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely caused by dysfunction of the:
Answer
  • pancreas
  • thyroid gland
  • adrenal gland
  • parathyroid gland

Question 59

Question
The usual dose for activated charcoal is up to [blank_start]25 g[blank_end] for a pediatric patient and up to [blank_start]50 g[blank_end] for an adult patient.
Answer
  • 25 g
  • 5 g
  • 10 g
  • 12.5 g
  • 50 g
  • 10 g
  • 20 g
  • 25 g

Question 60

Question
An overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:
Answer
  • liver failure
  • gastric ulcers
  • kidney failure
  • central nervous system (CNS) depression

Question 61

Question
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:
Answer
  • transport him in a supine position
  • be alert for signs and symptoms of shock
  • assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy
  • determine the exact location and cause of his pain

Question 62

Question
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:
Answer
  • rales
  • stridor
  • rhonchi
  • wheezing

Question 63

Question
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:
Answer
  • medications are given to dissolve a cerebral blood clot
  • a small cerebral artery ruptures and causes minimal damage
  • the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery
  • signs and symptoms resolve spontaneously within 48 hours

Question 64

Question
During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:
Answer
  • he has a thrombosis
  • he has hemophilia B
  • he has hemophilia A
  • his blood clots too quickly

Question 65

Question
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:
Answer
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • right-sided heart failure
  • acute pulmonary embolism
  • spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 66

Question
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
Answer
  • beta-1 receptors
  • beta-2 receptors
  • alpha-1 receptors
  • alpha-2 receptors

Question 67

Question
The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as:
Answer
  • a sudden, violent outburst of an otherwise mentally stable person toward a family member
  • any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others
  • a situation in which a patient demonstrates bizarre behavior and becomes a risk to other people
  • a period of severe depression that lasts longer than 2 weeks and cannot be controlled with medications

Question 68

Question
A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:
Answer
  • active listening
  • passive listening
  • intuitive listening
  • reflective listening

Question 69

Question
Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:
Answer
  • emphysema
  • severe pneumonia
  • bronchitis or asthma
  • congestive heart failure

Question 70

Question
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:
Answer
  • right-sided heart failure
  • severe hyperventilation
  • toxic chemical inhalation
  • an upper airway infection

Question 71

Question
Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for:
Answer
  • lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
  • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • nerve gas agents
  • anticholinergic drugs

Question 72

Question
In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:
Answer
  • thins and begins to separate
  • becomes engorged with blood
  • diverts blood flow to the vagina
  • sheds and is expelled externally

Question 73

Question
When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:
Answer
  • pulse pressure
  • systolic blood pressure
  • diastolic blood pressure
  • cardiac output pressure

Question 74

Question
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
Answer
  • altered mental status and bradycardia
  • unilateral paralysis and slurred speech
  • anxiety, dizziness, and severe bradypnea
  • tachypnea and tingling in the extremities

Question 75

Question
Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to [blank_start]three[blank_end] doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.
Answer
  • three
  • two
  • four
  • five

Question 76

Question
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Answer
  • cool and clammy skin
  • absent peripheral pulses
  • restlessness or anxiety
  • rapid, shallow breathing

Question 77

Question
The air you breathe is [blank_start]21%[blank_end] oxygen, and the sir you exhale is [blank_start]16%[blank_end] oxygen.
Answer
  • 21%
  • 16%
  • 25%
  • 16%
  • 25%
  • 32%
  • 35%

Question 78

Question
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a:
Answer
  • falsely low systolic and diastolic reading
  • falsely high systolic but low diastolic reading
  • falsely high systolic and diastolic reading
  • falsely low systolic but high diastolic reading

Question 79

Question
A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should:
Answer
  • administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, apply oral glucose in between his cheek and gum, and transport
  • suspect that he has internal bleeding and is in shock, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport at once
  • administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment at the scene, and transport promptly
  • suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital

Question 80

Question
Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct?
Answer
  • the most severe cases of PID occur in women who are not sexually active
  • PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy
  • PID most commonly affects women who have had an ectopic pregnancy in the past
  • the most common presenting symptom of PID is generalized upper abdominal pain

Question 81

Question
Asthma is caused by a response of the:
Answer
  • immune system
  • endocrine system
  • respiratory system
  • cardiovascular system

Question 82

Question
A 38-year-old female was bitten by fire ants while at the park with her kids. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious, has profoundly labored breathing, and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body and her face is very swollen. You should:
Answer
  • perform a rapid secondary assessment
  • assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen
  • administer 0.3 mg of epinephrine
  • place her supine with her legs elevated 6" to 12"

Question 83

Question
Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
Answer
  • a rapid heart rate
  • syncope or dizziness
  • heart rate less than 60 beats/min
  • generalized weakness

Question 84

Question
The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to:
Answer
  • obtain a blood pressure and apply the pulse oximeter
  • place him in the recovery position and apply oxygen
  • transport at once and reanalyze his rhythm en route
  • reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly

Question 85

Question
The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to:
Answer
  • careless handling of sharps
  • a lack of proper immunizations
  • excessive blood splashing or splattering
  • a noncompliance with standard precautions

Question 86

Question
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
Answer
  • blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing
  • dangerous acids accumulate in the bloodstream
  • the level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases
  • slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide

Question 87

Question
Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:
Answer
  • have chronic hypertension
  • regularly take illegal drugs
  • have had a stroke in the past
  • are older than 40 years of age

Question 88

Question
When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that:
Answer
  • pulse oximetry is especially useful in patients who have cold extremities because vasoconstriction forces blood to the capillary beds
  • carbon monoxide has no effect on pulse oximetry readings because the pulse oximeter presumes that oxygen is saturating the hemoglobin
  • as long as the patient's oxygen saturation is greater than 95%, oxygen is usually not necessary, even if the patient has respiratory distress
  • any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value

Question 89

Question
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rise above normal:
Answer
  • the brain stem inhibits respirations
  • respirations increase in rate and depth
  • exhalation lasts longer than inhalation
  • respirations decrease in rate and depth

Question 90

Question
To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?
Answer
  • an unconscious 33-year-old male with cool, clammy skin
  • a conscious 37-year-old female with nausea and vomiting
  • a semiconscious 40-year-old female without a gag reflex
  • a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

Question 91

Question
A palpable pulse is created by:
Answer
  • the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries
  • the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart
  • pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction
  • electrical conduction in the heart producing ventricular contraction

Question 92

Question
Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of:
Answer
  • acute prancreatitis
  • an aortic aneurysm
  • a kidney infection
  • acute appendicitis

Question 93

Question
A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is:
Answer
  • acute myocardial infarction
  • cardiogenic hypoperfusion
  • severe septic hypoperfusion
  • a ruptured aortic aneurysm

Question 94

Question
The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the:
Answer
  • medical director
  • state EMS office
  • EMS supervisor
  • local health district

Question 95

Question
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
Answer
  • insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning
  • apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once
  • insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation
  • place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting

Question 96

Question
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
Answer
  • elasticity of the lungs decreases
  • surface area of the alveoli increases
  • overall size of the airway decreases
  • diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge

Question 97

Question
Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:
Answer
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
  • cerebral cortex

Question 98

Question
A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:
Answer
  • nitroglycerin for her chest pain
  • ventilations with a bag-mask device
  • oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula
  • placing her in an upright position

Question 99

Question
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
Answer
  • a unilaterally collapsed lung
  • diffuse collapsing of the alveoli
  • fluid accumulation outside the lung
  • a bacterial infection of the lung tissue
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