32: Hormones Basic Structure and Function

Which of these is not a function of the endocrine system?

Hormones are [blank_start]chemical messengers[blank_end] carried in the [blank_start]blood[blank_end], secreted by [blank_start]endocrine gland cells[blank_end]. They travel to all parts of the body but only affect [blank_start]target cells[blank_end].

Peptides are chains of amino acids which are soluble in water.

Choose the correct statements about water-soluble hormones.

Choose the incorrect statement about lipid-soluble hormones.

Steroids are made from modifying the base steroid cholesterol.

In the cellular response to receptor activation by water soluble hormones, the [blank_start]binding[blank_end] of the hormone to the membrane receptor activates an [blank_start]associated protein[blank_end]. There is typically an [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] next in the transfer of information which then produces a [blank_start]secondary messenger[blank_end]. [blank_start]Secondary messengers[blank_end] can go on to activate more proteins and/or enzymes in a chain until the [blank_start]cell response[blank_end] is produced, which can take anywhere from [blank_start]milliseconds to minutes[blank_end].

Label the steps of cellular responses to lipid-soluble hormones from first (1) to last (7). [blank_start]3[blank_end]. Hormone binds to intracellular receptor. [blank_start]7[blank_end]. New protein mediates cell's specific response (hours - days) [blank_start]4[blank_end]. Hormone-receptor complex acts as a specific transcription factor. [blank_start]2[blank_end]. Hormone diffuses across membrane. [blank_start]5[blank_end]. New mRNA is generated. [blank_start]1[blank_end]. Lipid soluble hormone dissociates from carrier protein. [blank_start]6[blank_end]. New protein is generated by translation of mRNA