DNA and RNA

Label the following nucleotide

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

DNA is a double helix made of two [blank_start]anti[blank_end]parallel strands of [blank_start]nucloe[blank_end]tides linked by [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end]-bonding between [blank_start]comple[blank_end]mentary [blank_start]base[blank_end] pair.

Complete the following statement with the correct number. (Do not spell the number) There are [blank_start]46[blank_end] chromosomes in "regular cells".

How many histone molecules combine to make a single bead?

Only a purine will fit with a pyrimidine between the sugar-phosphate backbones, when base pairing occurs.

The lagging strand goes in a 3 prime to 5 prime direction.

The decoding of mRNA into a protein is called [blank_start]translation[blank_end].

[blank_start]DNA[blank_end] is too large to leave the nucleus, but [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] can. Therefore [blank_start]DNA temporarily unzips[blank_end] and is used as a template to assemble [blank_start]complementary[blank_end] nucleotides into [blank_start]mRNA[blank_end].

Which of the following unzips DNA?

Who was responsible for creating the endosymbiotic theory?

In eukaryotic chromosomes, replication can be initiated at several different points whilst in prokaryotes the entire genome is replicated at once.

At the leading strand, DNA [blank_start]helicase[blank_end] splits the [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] into its two anti-[blank_start]parallel[blank_end] strands, creating a replication [blank_start]fork[blank_end].

Genetic information is copied from [blank_start]DNA to RNA[blank_end] because [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] is too large to leave the nucleus, but [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] can. Therefore [blank_start]a part of the DNA[blank_end] is temporarily unzipped by [blank_start]RNA polymerase[blank_end] and is used as a [blank_start]template[blank_end] to assemble complementary nucleotides into [blank_start]mRNA[blank_end]. The [blank_start]messenger RNA[blank_end] then goes through the pores of the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] into the cytoplasm to attach to a [blank_start]ribosome[blank_end]. This process is called transcription.

A codon is a series of [blank_start]3[blank_end] adjacent bases in a [blank_start]mR[blank_end]NA molecule that codes for a specific [blank_start]amino[blank_end] [blank_start]acid[blank_end].

Label the following diagram of translation

The mRNA that is released at the end of transcription is called pre-[blank_start]mRNA[blank_end]. [blank_start]pre-mRNA[blank_end] needs to undergo changes before it is [blank_start]exported out of[blank_end] the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] to protect it from the cytoplasmic environment.

The anticodon goes in a [blank_start]3[blank_end]' -> [blank_start]5[blank_end]' direction.

Ribosomes are the site of which of the following processes?

A ribosome alone cannot synthesize a polypeptide chain.

The intitial pre-MRNA contains [blank_start]intr[blank_end]ons that are removed from the pre-mRNA by [blank_start]spliceo[blank_end]somes, while the [blank_start]ex[blank_end]ons are spliced together.

The following enzymes are involved in DNA replication. Match the enzymes with their functions. Helicase - [blank_start]Unwinds DNA double helix strands[blank_end] DNA Polymerase III - [blank_start]produces complementary strands[blank_end] Ligase - [blank_start]connects the Okazaki fragments[blank_end] DNA Polymerase - [blank_start]replaces RNA primers with DNA[blank_end]

Label the diagram about mitosis.

Label the following ribosome during translation.