Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Respuesta
-
Minimal change disease
-
Acute glomeruonephritis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in
Respuesta
-
Papillary carcinoma
-
Follicular carcinoma
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterised by 'Indian file' pattern of tumour cells
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Respuesta
-
Peripheral prostate
-
Periurethral prostate
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following tumours have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis?
Respuesta
-
Silicosis
-
Malignant mesothelioma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Laryngeal carcinoma
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following features characterise ulcerative colitis, except
Respuesta
-
Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
-
Superficial mucosal ulceration
-
Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
-
Stricture formation in chronic cases
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Philadelphia chromosome is characterised by
Respuesta
-
Translocation (8;14)
-
Translocation (9;22)
-
Translocation (22;9)
-
Translocation (14;8)
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin's disease
Respuesta
-
Histiocytic fibrosis
-
Lymphocytic depletion
-
Mixed cellularity
-
Nodular sclerosis
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Pulseless disease is
Respuesta
-
Temporal arteritis
-
Kawasaki's disease
-
Takayasu arteritis
-
Buerger's disease
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The morphological variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin's disease are
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Crohn's disease is characterised by the following histopathologic features
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
According to monoclonal atherosclerosis hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Respuesta
-
Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
-
Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Barrett's oesophagus is
Respuesta
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Inflammatory disease
-
Metaplastic process
-
Neoplastic lesion
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerosis aneurysm is
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Respuesta
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
-
Large cell carcinoma
-
Adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction is
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The most common causative agent for lobar pneumonia is
Respuesta
-
Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Pneumococci
-
Haemophilus
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Respuesta
-
Penetration
-
Pneumonia
-
Haemorrhage
-
Perforation
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis?
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Respuesta
-
Urine retention
-
Acute renal failure
-
Acute pyelonephritis
-
Glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis?
Respuesta
-
Atherosclerosis
-
Diabetes mellitus
-
Diabetes insipidus
-
Gout
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumour in the
Respuesta
-
Uterine body
-
Ovaries
-
Fallopian tubes
-
Uterine cervix
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Respuesta
-
Van Gieson staining
-
PAS
-
Von Kossa staining
-
Immunohistochemistry
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma?
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Determine the pathological process in the lung emphysema, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What disease is endometriosis?
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Respuesta
-
Decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
-
Lungs with increased volume
-
Thick consistency of the lungs
-
Reduced elasticity and soft consistency
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Respuesta
-
Breast in women
-
Ovaries
-
Male breast
-
Testes
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Respuesta
-
Fibrinous
-
Serious
-
Haemorrhagic
-
Purulent
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which diseases complicate silicosis?
Respuesta
-
Cor hypertonicum
-
Cor pulmonale chronicum
-
Tuberculosis
-
Pneumofibrosis
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following
Respuesta
-
Ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
-
Ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
-
Ptosis, miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
-
Anhydrosis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What possible gross changes do we see in lung carcinoma?
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Respuesta
-
Squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
Phases of purulent inflammation
-
Productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
-
Productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Respuesta
-
In the middle lobe of the left lung
-
After squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
-
As an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
-
Forming nests of Tumour cells producing keratin
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Respuesta
-
Numerous Tumour cells with scant stroma
-
The tumour cells resemble oat-grains
-
It grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
-
The tumour cells have very high proliferative rate
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Bronchio-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterised by
Respuesta
-
Forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
-
It is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
-
The cells produce keratin
-
It is a form of adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Respuesta
-
Effaced lymph node structure
-
Nodular sclerosis histological form
-
Mixed cellularity histological form
-
Chronic myeloleukemia
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Respuesta
-
Nodal
-
B-cell and T-cell types
-
Extranodal
-
None of the above
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In chronic lympholeukemia in the liver can be seen
Respuesta
-
Myeloblasts
-
Mature lymphocytes and single lymphoblasts
-
Focal leukemic infiltrates in the portal spaces
-
Leukemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Chronic myeloleukemia causes the following changes in liver
Respuesta
-
Effaced lobular structure
-
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of hepatocytes
-
Atrophy of hepatocytes
-
Leukaemic infiltrates in the sinusoids
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
In chronic myeloleukemia we observe the following
Respuesta
-
Long remissions even without treatment
-
Extreme hepato-splenomegaly
-
Anemia, hemorrhages, infections
-
Splenic infarctions
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which are the clinical phases of chronic myeloleukemia?
Respuesta
-
Chronic stable phase
-
Accelerated phase
-
Blast crisis
-
None of the above
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
In Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity type
Respuesta
-
There can be seen numerous eosinophils
-
We can observe area with necrosis
-
Intact histological lymph nose structure
-
Giant bi-uncleared cells, called 'mirror image'
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Plasmocytoma has the following features
Respuesta
-
Reed-Sternberg Tumour cells
-
Jelly-like raspberry red osteolytic bone lesion
-
The tumour cells have a large vacuolar nucleus with prominent nucleolus
-
The tumour cells have a round eccentric nucleus with a pale halo around it
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Which of the following are examples of pathological processes in the oral cavity that can have an effect of internal organs?
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which avitaminoses can be associated with changes in the oral cavity?
Respuesta
-
Vit. B6
-
Vit. B12
-
Vit. D
-
None of the above
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause the following changes in the oral cavity
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What type of examination will you suggest to your patient if you diagnose him/her with atrophic glossitis (Hunter's tongue)?
Respuesta
-
Colonoscopy
-
Dermatoscopy
-
Gastroscopy
-
Hysteroscopy
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
If a patient with atrophic glossitis is examined with gastroscopy, what can be the findings in gastric mucosa?
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The risk of which disease does atrophic autoimmune gastritis carry?
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
What are the usual changes in leukoplakia?
Respuesta
-
The epithelium is hyperkeratotic
-
Acanthosis in the epithelium
-
Chronic inflammation
-
Dysplasia in the epithelium can be observed
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
What can we observe in leukoplakia?
Respuesta
-
Parakeratosis
-
Dysplasia
-
Carcinoma in situ
-
Diabetes
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
In chronic tonsillitis we can observe the following
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The typical histological picture of epilus includes
Respuesta
-
Langhans giant multinuclear cells
-
Fresh haemorrhages and hemosiderin
-
Osteoclast-type multinuclear giant cells
-
It is a true tumour
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Adamantinoma (amelloblastoma) is
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Why is it necessary to comment on the presence or absence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Respuesta
-
H.pylori is a risk factor for MALT lymphoma
-
H.pylori is a risk factor for duodenal cancer
-
H.pylori causes chronic gastritis
-
H.pylori is a severe fungal infection
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Which of the following are possible complications of chronic gastric ulcer?
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Which special stain help us determine the presence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies?
Respuesta
-
Van Gieson
-
Giemsa
-
Congo Red
-
Immunohistochemistry
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The following changes can be observed in acute duodenal ulcer
Respuesta
-
Fibrinoid necrosis at the ulcer base
-
Inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
Ulceration penetrating through muscularis mucosae, reaching muscularis propria
-
It often undergoes malignant transformation
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
What histological types of gastric cancer do you recognise?
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
In phlegmonous appendicitis we can observe the following
Respuesta
-
Peri-appendicitis
-
Lymphocyte infiltration in the mucosa
-
Neutrophilic infiltration throughout the thickness of the wall of the appendix
-
Constriction of the blood vessels of the serosa
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Phlegmonous appendicitis is characterised by
Respuesta
-
Purulent exudate in the lumen
-
Hypoplasia of the lymph follicles
-
Hyperplastic activated lymph follicles
-
Hyperemic blood vessels of the serosa
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Gangrenous appendicitis is characterised by
Respuesta
-
Lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa
-
Thrombosis of blood vessels
-
Necrosis of the wall of the appendix
-
Severe inflammation through the wall of the appendix
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
What are the causes which may lead to micro-nodular liver cirrhosis?
Respuesta
-
Acute viral hepatitis
-
Chronic viral hepatitis
-
Cardiogenic shock
-
Chronic alcoholism
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Which of the types of necrosis are found in chronic active hepatitis?
Respuesta
-
Piece-meal necrosis
-
Adjacent necrosis
-
Bridging necrosis
-
Caseous necrosis
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Why does the level of calcium in the blood has prognostic value in acute pancreatitis?
Respuesta
-
Calcium is deposited in the bones
-
Calcium levels in the blood slower with the progression of steato-necrosis
-
Calcium reacts with fatty acids to form soaps
-
It has no prognostic value
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Some of the gross features of acute pancreatitis are
Respuesta
-
Enlarged liver
-
Steatonecrosis of the fatty tissue around and inside the pancreas
-
Haemorrhages in the tissues of the pancreas
-
Fibrosis in the tissues of the pancreas
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
What histological changes can be observed in chronic hepatitis?
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Chronic cholecystitis is characterised by the following
Respuesta
-
Often it is accompanied by cholelithiasis
-
It has no association with cholelithiasis
-
Can cause adhesions
-
It is caused by viral infection
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Which is the following can be complications caused by chronic cholecystitis?
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. What process has developed in the liver?
Respuesta
-
Acute viral hepatitis
-
Massive hepatic necrosis
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
-
None of the above
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
After consuming poisonous mushrooms, a patient shows signs of acute liver failure with progressive reduction of the size of the liver. Besides liver failure, what other complication can worsen the patient's clinical condition?
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Which of the following can occur after a streptococcal tonsillitis?
Respuesta
-
Post-infectious cholecystitis
-
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease of the kidneys
-
Acute rheumatism
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephritic syndrome?
Respuesta
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Which types of glomerulonephritis are clinically presented by nephrotic syndrome?
Respuesta
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Minimal change disease
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
What findings can be observed in glomerulonephritis?
Respuesta
-
Klebsiella
-
E.coli
-
Streptococcus
-
The urine is sterile
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Which type of glomerulonephritis is 'crescentic'?
Respuesta
-
Minimal change disease
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Membranous glomerulonephritis
-
Diffuse endocapillary glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
'Big white kidney' can be observed in the following cades
Respuesta
-
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-
Amyloidosis of the kidney
-
Minimal change disease
-
Nephrosclerotic glomerulonephritis
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Which of the following histological changes are associated with tubal pregnancy?
Respuesta
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which of the following histological changes are associated with mola hydatidosa?
Respuesta
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which of the following histological changes are associated with abortion (miscarriage) ?
Respuesta
-
Chorionic Villi and decidual Changes of the endometrium
-
Monstrous trophoblast, hydropic chorionic villi without feral blood capillaries
-
Hematoma in Fallopian tube, chorionic villi invading the muscular layer of the tube, decidual changes of the endometrium
-
Cervical intraepithelial lesion, third grade
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Specify the associated clinical symptoms in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Why if curettage from a suspected pregnancy shows only decidual changes, the gynaecologist should be notified immediately?
Respuesta
-
There is an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma
-
There is an increased risk of associated mola hydatidosa
-
There is an increased risk of associated intraepithelial lesion of the cervix
-
There is a high risk of associated tubal pregnancy
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Mola hydatidosa has the following characteristics
Respuesta
-
Grossly it resembles grape-like structures
-
Chorionic villi have fetal capillaries
-
Chorionic villi are with hydropic edema
-
Chorionic villi lack fetal blood vessels
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Examples of ovarian cysts are
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Which hormones play a role in breast diseases?
Respuesta
-
Somatropin
-
Oxytocin
-
Estrogen
-
Progesterone
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
How does the breast cancer metastasise?