12636659
Descripción
Test por Alannah McDonnell, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Alannah McDonnell
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the fed state?
Respuesta
-
The absorptive state
-
The 2-4 hour period after ingestion of a normal meal
-
The time after you’ve eaten something
-
The 8 hours after ingestion
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What happens during the fed state?
Respuesta
-
Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGS rise
-
Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGs fall
-
Islet tissue responds
-
An anabolic period
-
A catabolic period
-
Glucose used as fuel
-
Gluconeogenis is mainly used
-
Metabolic response dominated by alterations in the liver, adipose tissue, muscle and brain
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What factors control the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Respuesta
-
Availability of substrates
-
Allosteric activators and inhibitors
-
Synthesis of new enzyme molecules
-
Covalent modification of enzymes
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
When does fasting begin?
Respuesta
-
If no food is ingested after the absorptive period
-
Once ingestion of a meal ends
-
When eating stops
-
Before the absorptive period begins
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
How quickly does the availability of substrates affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Respuesta
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Seconds
-
Hours to days
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
How quickly does the allosteric activators and inhibitors affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Respuesta
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
How quickly does the covalent modification of enzymes affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Respuesta
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How quickly does the synthesis of new enzyme molecules affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?
Respuesta
-
Seconds
-
Minutes
-
Minutes to hours
-
Hours to days
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The fed state is a ...
Respuesta
-
anabolic period
-
catabolic period
-
osmotic period
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
During the fed state nutrients are captured as...
Respuesta
-
Glycogen
-
TAG
-
proteins
-
alcohol
-
sugar
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Glucokinase has a _______ Km for glucose
Respuesta
-
high
-
low
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
How does the liver respond to high blood glucose levels?
Respuesta
-
by increasing the phosphorylation of glucose
-
by decreasing the phosphorylation of glucose
-
by ingesting glucokinase
-
by allowing sodium into the cell to counteract the blood glucose levels
-
by releasing insulin
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What enzyme phosphorylates glucose?
Respuesta
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
-
amalase
-
glucolase
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Glucose uptake by the hepatocyte __________ rate limiting
Respuesta
-
is
-
is not
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What trasports glucose iinto the liver?
Respuesta
-
GLUT 4
-
insulin
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
-
amalase
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
In the well fed (absorptive state) Glycogen Synthase has a part in one of the major metabolic pathways.
What is glycogen synthase activated by?
Respuesta
-
glucose 6-P
-
glucose 7-P
-
glucokinase
-
fructokinase
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What GLUTs do adipocytes contain?
Respuesta
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 4
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 3
-
the non - insulin sensitive GLUT 4
-
the non-insulin sensitive GLUT 3
-
the insulin sensitive GLUT 2
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Carbohydrate metabolism in the fed state causes.....
Respuesta
-
Increased glucose transport
-
increased glycolysis
-
increased PPP
-
increased TAG storage
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Fat metabolism in the fed state causes...
Respuesta
-
Increased TAG storage
-
Increased glucose transport
-
increased glycolysis
-
increased PPP
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In the absorptive state, CHO Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Respuesta
-
increased glucose transport
-
increased glycogen synthesis
-
increased Fatty Acids
-
increased protein degradation.
-
increased glucose synthase
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The absorptive state is the same as the fed state
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
In the absorptive state, Fat Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Respuesta
-
Fatty acids from chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase
-
increased glucose transport
-
increased uptake of BCAAs
-
hunger
-
increased glucose synthase
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In the absorptive state, Amino Acid Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.
Respuesta
-
increased protein synthase
-
Increased uptake of BCAAs
-
increased glycogen synthesis
-
FA breakdown
-
Protein breakdown
-
amalgamation of amino acids
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
During the absorptive state the grain completely....
Respuesta
-
oxidizes glucose to CO2 and Water
-
oxidizes glycogen to CO2 and Water
-
oxidizes glycogen to O2 and Water
-
oxidizes glucose to O2 and Water
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What is the main GLUT used in the brain?
Respuesta
-
insulin insensitive GLUT-1
-
insulin sensitive GLUT-1
-
insulin insensitive GLUT-3
-
insulin sensitive GLUT-3
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
During the fasting state, plasma levels of glucose, amino acids and TAG fall triggering a ....
Respuesta
-
decline in insulin secretion
-
increase in insulin secretion
-
increase in inulin secretion
-
decline in glucagon secretion
-
increase in glucagon secretion
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
the fasting state is __________
Respuesta
-
catabolic
-
anabolic
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
One of the [blank_start]2[blank_end] priorities during the [blank_start]fasting[blank_end] state is the need to maintain adequate [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] levels of [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] to sustain energy metabolism of the [blank_start]brain,[blank_end] [blank_start]RBC[blank_end]s and other glucose requiring tissues.
Respuesta
-
RBC
-
WBC
-
2
-
3
-
fasting
-
fed
-
plasma
-
blood
-
glucose
-
glycogen
-
brain,
-
liver
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The other priority in the [blank_start]fasting[blank_end] state is the need to mobilize [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] acids from [blank_start]adipose[blank_end] tissue, and the synthesis and release of ketone bodies from the [blank_start]liver[blank_end] to supply [blank_start]energy[blank_end] to all other tissues.
Respuesta
-
fasting
-
fed
-
fatty
-
amino
-
starchy
-
adipose
-
muscle
-
carbohydrate
-
liver
-
kidneys
-
energy
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Hepatic _________ maintains blood glucose
Respuesta
-
glycogenolysis
-
glucose synthase
-
glycogen metabolism
-
osmolarity
-
glucofructokinase
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of these are used in the liver for gluconeogenesis?
Respuesta
-
lactate
-
glycerol
-
alanine
-
glucose
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
What cycle is important in hepatic gluconeogenesis?
Respuesta
-
the cori cycle
-
the acetyl CoA cycle
-
the plasma cycle
-
cycle against suicide
-
glucose cycle
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What cannon be used for NET glucose synthesis?
Respuesta
-
acetyl CoA
-
lactate
-
glycerol
-
alanine
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What proteins from muscle are important for net glucose synthesis?
Respuesta
-
alanine
-
glutamine
-
asphargine
-
calamine
-
glucomine
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
When is the postabsoprtive state?
Respuesta
-
once you stop eating
-
after an overnight fast
-
during the fed state
-
at the end of the fed state
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What is the early phase of starvation?
Respuesta
-
gluconeogenic phase
-
glycolysis phase
-
fasting phase
-
fed phase
-
hepatomatic phase
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
How long does the gluconeogenic phase last?
Respuesta
-
until the 2nd or 3rd day of absolute starvation
-
until the end of the 1st day of absolute starvation
-
until the 2nd or 3rd week of absolute starvation
-
until the the 7th day of absolute starvation
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
When is the period of adaptation to starvation (approx) ?
Respuesta
-
over the first 3 weeks
-
over the first 5 days
-
over the 1st week
-
over the first year
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
During the phase of adaptation to starvation what happens to the active thyroid hormone?
Respuesta
-
levels increase
-
levels decrease
-
it becomes more effective
-
it becomes less effective
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
When does the period of adapted starvation begin?
Respuesta
-
from 3 weeks onwards
-
from 3 days onwards
-
from 7 weeks onwards
-
from 7 days onwards
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Initially during fasting, levels of fatty acids in the blood are...
Respuesta
-
Raised
-
Decreased
-
Normal
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
During fasting in the liver, fatty acid oxidation provides
Respuesta
-
ATP for gluconeogenis
-
ATP for glycogenolysis
-
ADP for gluconeogenis
-
ADP for glycogenolysis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
During fasting, when ,Evelyn of ketone bodies (that are released from the liver) are high, they supply the brain, completely replacing glucose
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Ketone bodies prevent...
Respuesta
-
Muscle wasting by decreasing protein degradation
-
Wasting of the brain by decreasing protein degradation
-
Fatty acid oxidation
-
Hunger
-
Lethargy
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
During the fasting state the pancreas released...
Respuesta
-
Glucagon
-
Fatty acids
-
Bile
-
Ketones
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Basal energy requirements can be reduced by reducing production of the active thyroid hormone up to
Respuesta
-
25%
-
50%
-
100%
-
75%
-
10%
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Late stage fasting occurs after...
Respuesta
-
3 hours
-
3 days
-
10-12 hours
-
6 hours
-
1 day
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
During late stage fasting...
Respuesta
-
There is little to no glycogen left
-
The body is dependent on hepatic gluconeogenesis
-
Gbuconeogensis occurs primarily from lactate glycerol and alanine
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of these occur in the liver in fasting?
Respuesta
-
Increased glycogen degradation
-
Increased gluconeogenesis
-
Increased fatty acid oxidation
-
Increased synthesis of ketone bodies
-
Increased degradation of TAGs
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Which of these occur in adipose tissue during fasting?
Respuesta
-
Carbohydrate metabolism
-
GLUT4 depressed - decreased glucose uptake
-
Increased degradation of TAG
-
Increase release of FAs
-
Decreased uptake of FAs
-
Increased FA oxidation
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Resting muscle uses .... as a fuel source during fasting
Respuesta
-
Fatty acids
-
Glycogen stores
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
During fasting which of these does exercising muscle use as fuel?
Respuesta
-
Glycogen stores
-
Fatty acids
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
What becomes the dominant fuel source in muscle during fasting once all other sources are gone?
Respuesta
-
Lactate
-
TAG from adipose tissue
-
Glycogen
-
Fatty acids
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
In early fasting the brain exclusively uses...
Respuesta
-
Glucose
-
Ketones
-
Fatty acids
-
Proteins
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
After 2 weeks of starvation the brain uses ... as a fuel source?
Respuesta
-
Glucose
-
Ketones
-
Protein
-
Fatty acids
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which of these are true about the kidney in long term fasting?
Respuesta
-
Contains enzymes for gluconeogenesis including glucose 6 phosphate
-
In late fasting 50% of gluconeogenesis occurs here
-
Maintains pH balance
-
Counteracts acidosis caused by raised ketone bodies in the plasma
-
AlphaKG is used with ammonia as a substrate for gluconeogenesis
-
Glutamine is converted to alphKG
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