Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of these vitamins are fat soluble?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Where are vitamins absorbed in the digestive tract?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Function of liver in absorbing vitamins?
Respuesta
-
Bile produced here improves motility
-
bile produced here helps to absorb water soluble vitamins
-
bile produced here helps to absorb fat soluble vitamins
-
bile releases vitamins from food
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Where does some niacin absorption occur?
Respuesta
-
stomach
-
mouth
-
liver
-
pancreas
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What is absorbed in the small intestine?
Respuesta
-
Water soluble vitamins
-
fat soluble vitamins
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
How are water soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the small intestine?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Where is vitamin C absorbed?
Respuesta
-
in large intestine
-
stomach
-
pancreas
-
in ileum
-
liver
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
what does chewing do?
Respuesta
-
break apart fiber
-
break down fat
-
release vitamins
-
release enzymes
-
absorb carbohydrates
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
where is vitamin B12 absorbed?
Respuesta
-
ileum
-
stomach
-
large intestine
-
liver
-
pancreas
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
what is absorbed in the large intestine?
Respuesta
-
small amounts of vitamin K
-
large amounts of vitamin K
-
small amounts of biotin
-
large amounts of biotin
-
small amounts of pantothenic acid
-
large amounts of pantothenic acid
-
small amounts of vitamin B6
-
large amounts of vitamin B6
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
what is released by the pancreas?
Respuesta
-
pantothenic acid
-
vitamin C
-
digestive enzymes
-
bile
-
HCl Acid
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient that can be absorbed an utilized in the body
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
What affects bioavailability of vitamins?
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which vitamins are all co enzymes
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What do vitamins do?
Respuesta
-
promote body activities
-
regulate body activities
-
enhance body secretions
-
inhibit body secretions
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What vitamins are stored in the body?
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
Respuesta
-
Liver
-
Fatty tissues
-
Urine
-
Stomach
-
Large intestine
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the active form of thiamin in the body?
Respuesta
-
Thiamin pyrophosphate
-
Thiamine
-
Thyrophosphate
-
Vitamin B6
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Function of thiamin in the body?
Respuesta
-
Essential to the energy-producing reactions
-
Exes tail to energy-using reactions
-
Essential to Breakdown of large molecules
-
Essential to build up of large molecules
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Active forms of riboflavin in the body?
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Active forms of niacin in the body?
Respuesta
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
-
Nicotin amide dinucleotide phosphur
-
Nicotine amide dinucleotide
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
what are folate and folacin?
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Active form of B6 in the body?
Respuesta
-
Pyridoxal phosphate
-
Phosphate pyridoxal
-
Pyrimidal phosphur
-
Phosphur pyrimidal
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Symptoms of folate deficiency
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Some causes of neural tube defects?
Respuesta
-
Low folate levels
-
High folate levels
-
Genetic predisposition
-
Age
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Spina bifida and anencephaly are two forms of neural tube defects
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What increases blood homocysteine levels?
Respuesta
-
Low intake of folate
-
High intake of folate
-
Low intake of thiamin
-
High intake fo thiamin
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What may mask the early symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Respuesta
-
A high intake of folate
-
A low intake of folate
-
A high intake of thiamin
-
A low intake of thiamin
Pregunta 30
Respuesta
-
1000 micrograms per day
-
1000 grams per day
-
1000 milligrams per day
-
10 grams
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is necessary for the maintenance of myelin?
Respuesta
-
Vitamin B12
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin B6
-
Vitamin A
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of these is not required for special handling of vitamin B12 in the digestive tract?
Respuesta
-
Stomach acid
-
Enzymes
-
Intrinsic factor
-
Myelin
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What is important for the metabolism of odd-numbered fatty acids and methionine?
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the active form of vitamin B12?
Respuesta
-
Vitamin B 6
-
Cobalmin coenzymes
-
Folic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What can a vitamin B12 deficiency cause?
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What is B12 required for?
Respuesta
-
Converting folate into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for DNA synthesis
-
Converting folic acid into form active for acid synthesis
-
Converting folate into form active for acid synthesis
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is the active form of vitamin C?
Respuesta
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
-
Retinol
-
Folic acid
-
Riboflavin
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is the main function of ascorbic acid?
Respuesta
-
Reducing agent
-
Catalyst
-
Reduces disease
-
Oxidizing agent
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Who in the population is highest at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?
Respuesta
-
Patients with pernicious anemia
-
Patients with atrophied gastritis
-
Vegans
-
Someone taking high doses of folate supplements
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
*** What are some other functions of Vitamin C in the body?
Respuesta
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of prolyl-residues of collagen
-
Coenzyme for hydroxylation of lysyl-residues of collagen
-
Antioxidants preventing oxidative damage caused by free radicals
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is retinol?
Respuesta
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is retinal?
Respuesta
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from oxidation of retinal
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidized yields 2 molecules of retinal
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is retinoic acid?
Respuesta
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What is Beta-Carotene?
Respuesta
-
A primary alcohol
-
An aldehyde derived from retinol
-
An acid derived from oxidation of retinal
-
When oxidation yields 2 molecules of retinal
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Where is preformed vitamin A found?
Respuesta
-
In animal foods
-
In plants
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Where is provitamins A found?
Respuesta
-
In plants
-
In animal foods
-
In olive oil
-
In whole wheat bread
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What are preformed vitamin A
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What are provitamins A compounds?
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
what can vitamin A deficiency cause?
Respuesta
-
Light blindness
-
Weak bones
-
Macrocyclic anaemia
-
Fat retention
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What is cholecalciferol made in the skin from?
Respuesta
-
Cholesterol
-
Action of sunlight
-
Vitamin A
-
Amino acids
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
What is cholecalciferol the active form of?
Respuesta
-
Vitamin D
-
Vitamin C
-
Vitamin A
-
Vitamin E
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What does vitamin D do in the body?
Respuesta
-
Maintains blood levels of calcium and phosphorus for bone health
-
Maintains normal function of parathyroid gland and the immune system
-
Prenevts certain types of cancer and heart disease
-
Protects against free radicals
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
What is the only form of Vitamin E that can meet human needs?
Respuesta
-
Alpha-tocopherol
-
Beta-tocopherol
-
Gamma-tocopherol
-
Delta-tocopherol
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
What is the main source of alpha-tocopherol?
Respuesta
-
Sunflower seeds
-
White rice
-
Lentils
-
Milk
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
*** what is synthetic alpha-tocopherol made of?
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Where is most vitamin E then in the body?
Respuesta
-
Liver
-
Spleen
-
Stomach
-
Intestines
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
What delivers vitamin E to the tissues in the body?
Respuesta
-
Lipoproteins
-
Catalysts
-
Carrier enzymes
-
Amalase
-
Lipase
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What does vitamin E function primarily as?
Respuesta
-
A fat soluble antioxidant
-
A water soluble antioxidant
-
A fat soluble reducing agent
-
A water soluble reducing agent
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
**** What is absorbed vitamin E incorporated into?
Respuesta
-
Chylomicrons
-
Ascorbic acid
-
Cholecalciferol
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What is vitamin E necessary for?
Respuesta
-
Reproductive function
-
Bone structure
-
Breakdown of fat
-
Kidney function
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
What does vitamin E protect?
Respuesta
-
Unsaturated fatty acid cells in cell membranes
-
Saturated fatty acid cells in cell membrane
-
Phospholipids in cell membrane
-
Free radicals in cell membranes
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
How does Vitamin E protect the cell membrane?
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
*** What can consumption in excess of fat soluble vitamins do?
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
*** What is riobflavin essential for?
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
*** What is niacin essential to?
Respuesta
-
Energy producing and synthesis reactions
-
Just energy producing reactions
-
Just energy synthesis reactions
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which of these vitamins are water soluble?
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Label the molecules
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
A metabolite of tryptophan can also be used in synthesis of NAD+
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Biotin in the body is important for ...
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The active form of biotin is a coenzyme that adds COOH to molecules
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Pantothenic acid in the body is needed for...
Respuesta
-
Synthesis of fatty acids
-
Synthesis of cholesterol
-
Energy production
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The active form of pantothenic acid is...
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Label the forms of vitamin B 6
Respuesta
-
pyridoxal
-
pyridoxal phosphate
-
pyridoxamine
-
pyridoxine
-
isoniazid
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
An isoniazid-anti TB drug can induce vitamin B6 deficiency by forming an inactive derivative with pyridoxal phosphate.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Vitamin B6 in the body is important for...
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Folate coenzymes are needed in the body for...
Respuesta
-
Transferring chemical groups containing a single carbon atom
-
Synthesis of DNA
-
Metabolism of some amino acids
-
Metabolism of fatty acids
-
Energy production
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that higher dietary folate intake and blood folate levels are associated with higher risks of certain cancers
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Choline is needed ....
Respuesta
-
To synthesize a number of important molecules
-
As a source of carbon atoms
-
For energy synthesis
-
For metabolism of fatty acids
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Vitamin A effects cell differentiation through its effect of gene expression
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Vitamin K has 2 forms...
Respuesta
-
Phylloquinone - found in plants
-
Menaquinone - found in fish oils and meats
-
Menaquinone - can be synthesized by bacteria
-
Phylloquinone x can be synthesized in bacteria
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Vitamin K can be used in the body for ...