16546379
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
the spinal cord occupies the entire vertebral canal
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
the end of spinal cord (conus medullaris) in adults is at L2
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
the sacrum contains the subarachnoid space along the whole length of the sacral canal
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
the atlas has the first cervical spinal nerve on its posterior arch
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
the first spinal nerve has the shortest roots and the last one the longest
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
the connection between the dorsal and lateral funicle is called Lisauer zone (zone terminalis).
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
sulcus intermedius dorsali is a groove between sulcus medianus dorsalis and sulcus dorsolateralis in the upper thoracic and cervical part of the spinal cord
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
dorsal funiculus in the cervical segments contains fasciculus gracilis, laterally and fasciculus cuneatus, medially.
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
the spinal cord ends caudally at the coccyx
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
if in the process of doing a lumbar puncture a spinal needle was inserted posteriorly in the midline until it had just penetrated the posterior longitudinal ligament, would the needle have entered the subarachnoid space?
Respuesta
-
yes
-
no
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
the part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is the
Respuesta
-
dorsal primary ramus
-
dorsal root
-
ventral primary ramus
-
ventral root
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
a football player suffers a herniated (ruptured) intervetebral disk in his neck. the disk compresses the spinal nerve exiting through the intevertebral foramen between the 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae. which spinal nerve is affected?
Respuesta
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C4
-
C5
-
C6
-
C7
-
C8
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
a man has a herniated intervetebral disk between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. if this disk compresses the spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen immediately posterior to this disk, which spinal nerve would be affected.
Respuesta
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L3
-
L4
-
L5
-
S1
-
S2
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
both the dural sac and the subarachnoid space end at which vertebral level.
Respuesta
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L4
-
L5
-
S2
-
S1
-
S4
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
it is decided to image the spinal cord and spinal nerve rootlets by doing a myelogram (injection of a radio-opaque dye into the subarachnoid space followed by a radiograph). In order to inject the dye without injury to the spinal cord, the injection is usually done below what vertebral level?
Respuesta
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L1
-
L2
-
L3
-
L4
-
L5
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The myelogram revealed that the dye had leaked out along the spinal nerves in the mid cervical region on the right side. For the dye to leak out, what layer must have been torn or ruptured.
Respuesta
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arachnoid
-
denticulate ligament
-
periosteum
-
pia
-
perineurium
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
in the lumbar spine, the L4 nerve root sleeve exits:
Respuesta
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above the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
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above the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
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below the pedicle of L4 and at the top of the intervertebral foramen
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below the pedicle of L4 and at the bottom of the intervertebral foramen
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
which structure does NOT contain efferent autonomic nerve fibers
Respuesta
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dorsal ramus of c4
-
dorsal root of t6
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ventral root of t3
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ventral ramus of l2
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
it was noted that after the injury the patient's face on the right side was flushed due to dilation of the blood vessels. the lack of vasoconstriction was due to interruption of what fibers somewhere along their course?
Respuesta
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somatic afferent
-
somatic efferent
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parasympathetic
-
sympathetic
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
a 60 year old male presented with a number of unusual signs and symptoms in the facial region. among others, it was found that the right side of his face was flushed (red). further testing revealed a lack of ability to sweat in the same cutaneous region. which nervous structures were most likely implicated in this set of clinical abnormalities.
Respuesta
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cranial outflow of the ans
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dorsal roots of cervical nerves
-
gray rami communicantes of t5
-
sympathetic nerve fibers
-
vagus nerves
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
the conus medullaris
Respuesta
-
exhibits both a cervical and lumbar enlargement
-
has a modification of neural tissue extending from its termination to the coccygeal ligament.
-
gives origin to most of the cauda equina
-
is found at its lowest extent at S2
-
is normally anesthetized to perform a spinal tap
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
a neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia could convey what type of fibers?
Respuesta
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motor to the deep back muscles
-
motor to the pectoralis major muscle
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sensory from the skin overlying the trapezius
-
sympathetic preganglionics to the suprarenal medulla
-
visceral efferents to the stomach
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
which is a source of axons found in the dorsal primary ramus of the 4th thoracic spinal nerves
Respuesta
-
afferent neurons arising from the skin overlying the trapezius muscle
-
somatic motor neurons supplying the levator scapulae muscle
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somatic motor neurons supplying the rhomboid muscles
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somatic motor neurons supplying the trapezius muscle
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
the denticulate ligament
Respuesta
-
is a modification of pia mater
-
is found between all dorsal and ventral roots
-
attaches to the dural sac continuously
-
has its terminal attachment at S2
-
holds the radicular arteries in place
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
in order to expose the spinal cord from the posterior side, it is necessary to remove the:
Respuesta
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laminae, pedicles and ligamenta flava
-
laminae, spinous processes and ligamenta flava
-
pedicles, spinous processes and posterior longitudinal ligament
-
transverse processes, pedicles and ligamenta flava
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
cells that convey information to the CNS are:
Respuesta
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afferent sensory neurons
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pseudounipolar cells
-
first neuron is the sensory pathway
-
located in the lateral horn of spinal cord
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with peripheral processes ending on somatic or splanchnic receptor
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
dorsal roots of a spinal nerve
Respuesta
-
are formed by the central processes of sensory neurons in the spinal ganglion
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enter the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
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convey somatosensory (proprioseptive and visceroseptive) information.
-
are covered with pia mater
-
take part in the formation of the spinal nerve.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
the ventral roots of a spinal nerve
Respuesta
-
convey motor information to the skeletal muscles
-
exit through the ventrolateral sulcus of the spinal cord
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are ensheated with dura mater spinalis
-
originate from interneurons in the ventral horn
-
contain autonomic fibers
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
the boundary between spinal cord and medulla oblongata
Respuesta
-
foramen magnum
-
decussatio pyramidum
-
exit of the first pair of spinal nerves
-
exit of the last pair of cranial nerves
-
cervical enlargement
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
a spinal segment is defined as that region of the spinal cord that
Respuesta
-
corresponds to a collection of nerves passing up or down within the white matter
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corresponds to the region of the vertebral column (i.e cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral) to which spinal nerves are sent.
-
sends rootlets to a particular spinal nerve
-
underlies the neural arch of a particular vertebra in the adult
-
none of the above
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
the spinal cord in the adult
Respuesta
-
usually ends about the level of the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra
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has its largest cross sectional area at the level of the lower cervical vertebrae
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has an anterior median fissure and a posterior median septum
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gives origin to the preganglionic fibres of all the parasympathetic nerves
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receives its blood supply entirely from the vertebral arteries
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
the white matter of the spinal cord
Respuesta
-
contains myelin fibers, non-myelin fibers, and blood vessels
-
has three columns
-
has white commissure posteriorly to the gray commissure
-
has root system and conductive system
-
is covered with arachnoidea
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
the white matter of the spinal cord
Respuesta
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is located around the gray matter
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contains two main fascicles along the whole length of the dorsal column
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contains fasciculi proprii (own bundles)
-
ventral funiculus contains fasciculus interfasciculatus (bundle of Schultze)
-
ventral funiculus is between ventral median fissure and ventral roots
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
grossly the spinal cord presents two swellings which are
Respuesta
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cervical and thoracic
-
cervical and lumbar
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thoracic and lumbar
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thoracic and sacral
-
lumbar and sacral
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
all spinal nerves
Respuesta
-
are formed by the union of a ventral and dorsal nerve root
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have a ganglion containing synapses on their dorsal root
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are named and numbered according to the vertebra below which they emerge
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receive a grey ramus communicans from the sympathetic nerve trunk
-
give off a white ramus communicans to the sympathetic nerve trunk
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
the cell bodies of the nerve fibres making up the fasciculus gracilis are found in
Respuesta
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posterior root ganglia
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posterior grey horn
-
nucleus gracilis
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lateral grey horn
-
anterior grey horn
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
in the spinal cord
Respuesta
-
there is more white matter in a cross section of the cervical region than the lumbar region
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the anterior horns of grey matter are larger in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region
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the fibres associated with the sensations of pain and temperature form a tract in the anterior columns of white matter
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descending fibres from the motor areas of the brain are found in the lateral and anterior columns of white matter
-
there are no descending fibres in the posterior columns
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
a spinal segment is defined by [blank_start]the exit of the roots of a spinal nerve[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
the exit of the roots of a spinal nerve
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
the trunk of a spinal nerve is formed in the [blank_start]intervertebral foramen[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
intervertebral foramen
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
the spinal cord white matter is organised around the grey matter in three columns called: [blank_start]funicululs dorsalis[blank_end], [blank_start]funiculus lateralis[blank_end], [blank_start]funiculus ventralis[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
funiculus dorsalis
-
funiculus lateralis
-
funiculus ventralis
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
the spinal cord has the following number of segments:
cervical- [blank_start]8[blank_end]
thoracic- [blank_start]12[blank_end]
lumbar- [blank_start]5[blank_end]
sacral- [blank_start]5[blank_end]
coccygeal- [blank_start]1[blank_end]
Respuesta
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8
-
12
-
5
-
5
-
1
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
the border between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is defined by the following structures: [blank_start]foramen magnum[blank_end], [blank_start]decussatio pyramidum[blank_end], [blank_start]exit of first pairs of spinal roots[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
foramen magnum
-
decussatio pyramidum
-
exit of first pairs of spinal roots
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
in adults the spinal cord ends caudally at the level of [blank_start]second lumbar[blank_end] vertebra
Respuesta
-
second lumbar
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
list three elements et the caudal end of the spinal cord: [blank_start]cauda equina[blank_end], [blank_start]conus medullaris[blank_end], [blank_start]filum terminale[blank_end]
Respuesta
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cauda equina
-
conus medullaris
-
filum terminale
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
in spinal cord anesthesia through the sacral hiatus the anesthetic is introduced into the [blank_start]epidural space[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
epidural space
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
pain and temperature sensation is conveyed via [blank_start]lateral spinothalamic tract[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
lateral spinothalamic tract
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
spinal cord enlargements are found in the [blank_start]cervical[blank_end] and [blank_start]lumbar[blank_end] regions
Respuesta
-
cervical
-
lumbar
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
intervertebral foramen: [blank_start]trunk of spinal nerve[blank_end]
spinal ganglion: [blank_start]dorsal root of spinal nerve[blank_end]
brachial plexus: [blank_start]cervical intumescentia[blank_end]
spinal cord: [blank_start]conus medullaris[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
trunk of spinal nerve
-
dorsal root of spinal nerve
-
cervical intumescentia
-
conus medullaris
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
ventral median fissure: [blank_start]anterior spinal artery[blank_end]
epidural space: [blank_start]spinal dura mater[blank_end]
cerebrospinal fluid: [blank_start]subarachnoid space[blank_end]
terminal cistern: [blank_start]subarachnoid space[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
anterior spinal artery
-
spinal dura mater
-
subarachnoid space
-
subarachnoid space
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
posterior funiculus of spinal cord: [blank_start]fasciculus gracilis + cuneatus[blank_end]
lateral funiculus of spinal cord: [blank_start]ventral spinocerebellar tract[blank_end]
anterior funiculus of spinal cord: [blank_start]ventral corticospinal tract[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
fasciculus gracilis + cuneatus
-
ventral spinocerebellar tract
-
ventral corticospinal tract
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
grey commissure: [blank_start]canalis centralis[blank_end]
lateral column: [blank_start]ventral root of spinal nerve[blank_end]
ventral median fissure: [blank_start]spinal pia mater[blank_end]
ventrolateral sulcus: [blank_start]visceromotor neurons[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
canalis centralis
-
visceromotor neurons
-
spinal pia mater
-
ventral root of spinal nerve
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