NE1 Intro and CNS revision

Message from brain or spinal cord to the muscles, organs is [blank_start]efferent[blank_end]. Message from receptors to the brain or spinal cord is [blank_start]afferent[blank_end]. Interneuron relays between [blank_start]sensory and motor[blank_end] neurons. Information flows from one neuron to another across a synapse, changing [blank_start]action potential[blank_end] to [blank_start]neurotransmitter[blank_end] and back. • Target cell MORE likely to fire = [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] • Target cell LESS likely to fire = [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] [blank_start]INTEGRATION[blank_end] = ‘decides’ whether to fire AP [blank_start]Spatial[blank_end] summation: different locations at same time [blank_start]Temporal[blank_end] summation: same place, slightly different times

Neurotransmitters: Conventional - 1. Small molecules • Amino acids: [blank_start]Glutamate, glycine, GABA[blank_end] • Biogenic amines: [blank_start]Dopamine, adrenaline,[blank_end] noradrenaline, serotonin, histamine • Purines: [blank_start]ATP, adenosine[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end] 3. Neuropeptides: [blank_start]Enkephalin, endorphins, substance P,[blank_end] Neuropeptide Y Non conventional - 1. [blank_start]Endocannabinoids[blank_end] 2. Gasotransmitters: [blank_start]carbon monoxide, nitric oxide[blank_end]

Choose the correct statement.

Aspects of neurotransmission (synthesis, storage, release, reuptake) are affected by many drugs. General drug effects: 1. Storage Facilitates storage (e.g., by acting as a precursor) – [blank_start]agonist[blank_end] Inhibits storage (e.g.by inhibiting synthesis or by blocking storage into vesicles) – [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end] 2. Release Increases release – [blank_start]agonist[blank_end] Prevents release – [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end] 3. Reuptake/breakdown Facilitates reuptake/breakdown - [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end] Inhibits reuptake/breakdown - [blank_start]agonist[blank_end]

Drugs affecting dopaminergic neurons: Synthesis - [blank_start]L-DOPA[blank_end] facilitates synthesis of DA by acting as a precursor - agonist Storage - [blank_start]Reserpine[blank_end] blocks DA uptake into vesicles – antagonist Action - [blank_start]Selegeline[blank_end] prolongs action of DA by blocking degradation (MAO-B inhibitor) - agonist Release - Amphetamine increases release of DA - agonist Reuptake - [blank_start]Cocaine[blank_end] and amphetamine blocks DA reuptake - agonist Drugs affecting serotonergic(5-HT) neurons: Synthesis - α-Methyltyrosine inhibits synthesis of 5-HT - antagonist Release - [blank_start]Fenfluramine[blank_end] facilitates the release of 5-HT - agonist Reuptake - [blank_start]Fluoxetine[blank_end] blocks reuptake of 5-HT- agonist