Pregunta 1
Respuesta
-
requires Ca2+
-
is promoted by erythrocytes
-
defects usually shorten the bleeding time
-
is initiated by tissue tromboplastin in the intrinsic coagulation pathway
-
is decreased by platelets
Pregunta 2
Pregunta 3
Respuesta
-
measure 15mm in diameter
-
do not contain mitochondria
-
have a life span in circulation of 30 days
-
are released from the bone marrow as mature cells
-
contain nucleus
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
the following is true about the ABO and Rh systems
Respuesta
-
a person of group O is a universal recipient
-
a person who is group AB has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
-
the presence of D antigen means that the subject is Rh (+)
-
Rh antibodies occur naturally
-
the person of group A has anti-A antibodies
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
which of the following helps in blood clotting
Respuesta
-
vit B1
-
vit B2
-
vit D
-
vit K
-
vit B6
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
the function of haemoglobin is
Respuesta
-
transport of oxygen
-
destruction of bacteria
-
prevention of anaemia
-
utilisation of energy
-
transport of CO
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
which of the following substances is an anticoagulant
Respuesta
-
Ca 2+
-
heparin
-
fibrinogen
-
albumin
-
gama-globulins
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
what are the agglutinins
Respuesta
-
antibodies
-
antigens
-
beta-globulins
-
amino acids
-
lipids
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
which of the following substances influences indirectly blood clotting
Respuesta
-
calcium ions
-
vit K
-
vit B6
-
mineralocorticoids
-
renin
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
for which of the following cells phagocytosis is not typical
Respuesta
-
neutrophils
-
plasmocytes
-
monocytes
-
eosinophils
-
macrophages
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
normal (physiological) hemolysis takes place
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
which of the following are functions of the blood
Respuesta
-
transport
-
regulation
-
protection
-
temperature regulations
-
all of the above
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
the blood volume of an average size male is
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
the blood volume is
Respuesta
-
10-12 % body weight
-
10L
-
6-8% body weight
-
5L
-
3-5% body weight
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
the effects on plasma volume of 500ml blood loss are neutralised within
Respuesta
-
1-2 hours
-
8-10 hours
-
24 hours
-
one week
-
one month
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
antithrombin III affects which coagulation factor
Respuesta
-
XIIa
-
Xa
-
IIa
-
IXa
-
all of the above
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
vitamin K neutralizes
Respuesta
-
factor 5
-
heparin
-
antithrombin 3
-
plasminogen
-
none of the above
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
platelet activation will not occur without
Respuesta
-
Ca2+
-
vessel wall damage
-
von Willebrand factor
-
fibrinogen
-
serotonin
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
hematocrit of 0.45 means that in the sample of blood analysed
Respuesta
-
0.45% Hb is in the plasma
-
0.45% of total blood volume is made up of plasma
-
0.45% of Hb is in the RBC
-
0.45% of the total blood volume is made up of RBCs and WBCs
-
0.45% of blood volume is made of Tr
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
which of the following statements concerning the monocyte is incorrect
Respuesta
-
more common in blood than eosinophils and basophils
-
produced in the adult by the bone marrow and lymph nodes
-
unlike neutrophil does not accumulate outside circulation in area of inflammation
-
not classified as a granulocyte
-
2-8% of differential blood count
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
hemoglobin contains
Respuesta
-
one protoporphyrin ring and four ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin ring and one ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin rings and four ferrous ions
-
one protoprophyrin ring and one ferrous ion
-
none of the above
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
which blood component plays the biggest role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood
Respuesta
-
albumin
-
carbon dioxide
-
white blood cells
-
fibrinogen
-
globulins
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
in a normal blood sample, which of the following cells will be the most abundant
Respuesta
-
neutrophils
-
basophils
-
eosinophils
-
monocytes
-
lymphocytes
Pregunta 24
Respuesta
-
a chemical messenger that is released by virus infected cells
-
a lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity
-
something that coats the inside of lungs, causing infection
-
a protein or other molecule that is recognised as non-self
-
a thick yellow-white fluid
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
where is the site of maturation for a B cell
Respuesta
-
thymus
-
bone marrow
-
pancreas
-
cortex
-
spleen
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
nonspecific resistance is
Respuesta
-
the bodys ability to ward off diseases
-
the bodys defenses against any kind of pathogen
-
the bodys defense against a particular pathogen
-
the lack of resistance
-
non of the above
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in the maturation of T lymphocytes
Respuesta
-
lymph nodes
-
thymus
-
spleen
-
pineal gland
-
tonsils
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is increased when
Respuesta
-
the plasma albumin fraction is increased
-
fibrinogen in the blood is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is increased
-
lack of erythropoietin
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
agglutinins are found in
Respuesta
-
the erythrocyte membrane
-
the leukocytes
-
the plasma
-
the platelets
-
all of the above
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
gamma- globulins are related to
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
oxyhaemoglobin is a compound of
Respuesta
-
hemoglobin and O2
-
hemoglobin and CO2
-
hemoglobin and Fe2+
-
hemoglobin and CO
-
hemoglobin and N
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
the amount of plasma proteins is
Respuesta
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
50-83 g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
0.4-0.5 l/l
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
the plasma of blood type AB contains
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
osmotic hemolysisis due to
Respuesta
-
water hypotonic solution entering the erythrocytes
-
destruction of the erythrocyte membrane by chemicals
-
fibrinolysis
-
formation of carbaminohemoglobin
-
transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Pregunta 35
Pregunta 36
Respuesta
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelets
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
decreased number of platelets
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
when AB(0) blood is transfused to a recipient of blood type 0 (anti-A, anti-B)
Respuesta
-
the limit of the blood transfused is up to 300ml
-
the transfused amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is forbidden
-
transfusion of plasma is the only possibility
-
possible only once in a lifetime
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
sodium citrate stops coagulation by
Respuesta
-
blocking fibrinogen
-
reacting with Ca2+
-
massive fibrinolysis
-
destruction of platelets
-
blocking vit K
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
the normal RBC count in men is
Respuesta
-
140-160.10/l
-
4.5-6.0.10/l
-
4-11.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
-
0.4-0.5/l
Pregunta 40
Respuesta
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelet
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
increased percentage of neutrophils
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
platelets take part in
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
hemoglobin concentration in men is
Respuesta
-
4-5.2.10/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
160 +/- g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160g%
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
of major significance for maintaining the blood oncotic pressure is
Respuesta
-
the number of erythrocytes
-
the plasma globulin fraction
-
the leukocyte count
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
the plasma fibrinogen
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
the red colour of blood is due to
Respuesta
-
the plasma cholesterol
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
Ca2+ and K+ in plasma
-
the granules in the leukocytes
-
the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
the normal blood platelet count is
Respuesta
-
4-11.10/l
-
4.4-5.2.10/l
-
60-90.10/l
-
140-400.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
Pregunta 46
Respuesta
-
formation of the white plug
-
formation of the red plug
-
fibrin clot destruction
-
viscose metamorphosis of the platelets
-
destruction of adrenal medulla
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
when blood transfused from 0 (anti-A and anti-B) donor to AB (0) recipient
Respuesta
-
the amount is up to 500 ml
-
amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is impossible
-
only plasma may be transfused
-
only once in an lifetime
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
the osmotic fragility is determined by the use of
Pregunta 49
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
the plasma protein fraction of major significance for coagulation is
Respuesta
-
albumin
-
globulin
-
fibrinogen
-
gamma-globulin
-
globulin and albumin
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
the ESR (westergren) reterence values are
Respuesta
-
men up to 50 <15mm/h
-
140-160 g/l
-
women above 50-5-10mm.h
-
men above 50-3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5/l
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
of major significance for the erythrocyte sedminentation rate is
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
the normal leukocyte count is
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Fe2+ ions are necessary for
Respuesta
-
the production of fibrinogen
-
erythropoiesis
-
the formation of leukocytes
-
the formation of platelets
-
the synthesis of thyrecalcitonin
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
the percentage of Rh(+) people is
Respuesta
-
15%
-
85%
-
50%
-
30%
-
15% of pregnant women
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
hematocrit reference range in women is
Respuesta
-
140-160g.l
-
2.4-2.6mmol.l
-
0.55-1.48mmol.l
-
0.36-0.47 l.l
-
4.5-10.l
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
hematocrit measure the percentage of
Respuesta
-
white blood cells volume
-
plasma volume
-
platelets volume
-
red blood cells volume
-
serum proteins volume
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
to prevent blood loss after a tissue injury, blood vessels first
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
a foreign substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the immune system to react by producing antibodies is called
Respuesta
-
allergen
-
antigen
-
histamine
-
mast cell
-
interferon
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
when neutrophils and macrophages squeeze out of capillaries to fight off infection it is called
Respuesta
-
phagocytosis
-
hemolysis
-
interleukins
-
diapedesis
-
folliculitis
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
each of the following is a components of plasma except
Respuesta
-
water
-
proteins
-
formed elements
-
nutrients
-
salts
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight
Respuesta
-
can be measured with an indicator dilution technique using deuterium oxide
-
is small on average in women than in men
-
rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts
-
is less than 80% in young adults
-
all of the above
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
breakdown of erythrocytes in the body
Respuesta
-
occurs when they are 6-8 weeks old
-
is named erythropoiesis
-
yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine
-
yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver
-
is required for the synthesis of bile salts
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
a person with group A blood
Respuesta
-
has anti-A antibody in the plasma
-
may have the genotype AB
-
may have a parent with group 0 blood
-
may have children with group A or group 0 blood only
-
whose partner is also A can only have children of group A
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
the spleen destroys
Respuesta
-
macrophages
-
healthy RBC
-
neutrophils
-
damaged RBC
-
monocytes
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
plasma bilirubin
Respuesta
-
is a steroid pigment
-
is converted to biliverdin in the liver
-
does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls
-
is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus
-
has red colour
Pregunta 68
Respuesta
-
originate from precursors in the lymph nodes
-
can increase in number when their parent cells are stimulated by factors released from activated lymphocytes
-
unlike granulocytes do not migrate across capillary walls
-
take part in haemostasis
-
manufacture immunoglobulin M
Pregunta 69
Respuesta
-
are responsible for the major part of blood viscosity
-
contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
-
metabolize glucose to produce CO2 to H2O
-
carry O2 and CO2
-
all of the above
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
human plasma albumin
Respuesta
-
contributes more to plasma colloid osmotic pressure than globulin
-
can not filter freely at the glomerulus
-
is negatively charged at the normal pH of blood
-
carries sex hormones in blood
-
all of the above
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
neutrophil granulocytes
Respuesta
-
are the most common leukocyte in normal blood
-
contain proteolytic enzymes
-
contain actin and myosin microfilaments
-
are present in high concentration in pus
-
all of the above
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Respuesta
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about 5 minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than from cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
circulating red blood cells
Respuesta
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at a slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Pregunta 74
Respuesta
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Pregunta 75
Respuesta
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weight in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Pregunta 76
Respuesta
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to the pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
blood eosinophils
Respuesta
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Pregunta 78
Respuesta
-
doesnt contain plasma protiens
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by contraction of adjacent skeletal muscles
Pregunta 79
Respuesta
-
are formed in bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Respuesta
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is inulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Respuesta
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about five minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than form cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
circulating red blood cells
Respuesta
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Pregunta 83
Respuesta
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Pregunta 84
Respuesta
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weigh in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Pregunta 85
Respuesta
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/ litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3-]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
blood eosinophils
Respuesta
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Pregunta 87
Respuesta
-
doesnt contain plasma proteins
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by concentration of adjacent skeletal muscles
Pregunta 88
Respuesta
-
are formed in the bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Respuesta
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is insulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water (deuterium oxide)
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
excessive tissue fluid (oedema) in the legs may
Respuesta
-
be associated with a raised extracellular fluid volume
-
results from hepatic disease
-
result from blockage of pelvic lymphatics
-
increase local interstitial fluid pressure
-
all of the above
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
haemolytic disease of the newborn
Respuesta
-
can be perverted by injecting the mother with antiD agglutinins just after delivery
-
affects mainly babies of Rh positive mothers
-
occurs mainly in babies who lack D agglutinogen
-
causes jaundice which clears rapidly after birth
-
can be treated by transfusing the affected baby with Rh positive blood
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
patients with moderate severe anaemia have a reduced
Respuesta
-
cardiac output
-
incidence of vascular bruits
-
2:3 diphosphoglycerate blood level
-
arterial pO2
-
capacity to raise oxygen consumption in exercise
Pregunta 93
Respuesta
-
frequently follows persistent loss of blood from the body
-
is more common in men than in women
-
may cause anaemia by inhibiting the rate of multiplications of RBC stem cells
-
may cause large pale erythrocytes to appear in peripheral blood
-
anaemia should normally be treated by injections of iron
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
severe reactions are likely after transfusion of blood gorups
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
the haematocrit (packed cell volume)
Respuesta
-
may be obtained by centrifugation of blood
-
may be calculated by multiplying the mean cell volume by the red cell count
-
rises in a patient who sustains widespread burns
-
rises following vomiting
-
all of the above
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
red cell formation is increased
Respuesta
-
in blood donors one week after a blood donation
-
in patients with a hemolytic anaemia
-
by giving injections of erythropoietin to nephrectomized patients
-
in patients who have a raised blood reticulocyte count
-
all of the above
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
hematocrit reference range in men is
Respuesta
-
0.4-0.54l/l
-
2.4-2.6 mmol/l
-
0.55-1.48 mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
4.5-1012/l
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
red blood cells would swell in which type of solution
Respuesta
-
hypotonic
-
isotonic
-
hypertonic
-
hydrophilic
-
lipophilic
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
the most abundant type of protein in plasma is
Respuesta
-
insulin
-
globulin
-
albumin
-
glycogen
-
fibrinogen
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
the number of oxygen molecules carried by one Hb molecule
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
majority of clotting factors are produced in
Respuesta
-
liver
-
kidney
-
heart
-
brain
-
muscle
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
cellular immunity is due to
Respuesta
-
B lymphocytes
-
T lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
eosinophils
-
erythrocytes
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
action of plasmin is
Respuesta
-
to remove calcium
-
antithrombin action
-
to stimulate heparin
-
to degenerate fibrin
-
to produce plug
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
which is the most rare blood group
Respuesta
-
A (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh-)
-
B (Rh-)
-
0 (Rh+)
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
the hemoglobin level in women is
Respuesta
-
4-5.2x1012/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140 +- 20g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160 g%
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
the number of RBC in women is
Respuesta
-
140-160.109/l
-
0.4-0.5.l
-
4-11.109.l
-
200-400.109.l
-
3.9-5.3.1012.l
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
the ESR (westergren) reference values are
Respuesta
-
women above 50-5-10 mm.h
-
140-160 g.l
-
women up to 50: <20mm.h
-
men up to 50:3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5.l
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
carbhemoglobin is a compound of
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
in the WBC defferntial count the neutrophilic band cells are
Respuesta
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
in the WBC differential count the basophil granulocytes are
Respuesta
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
in the WBC defferential count the eosinophil granulocytes are
Respuesta
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
in the WBC defferential count the lymphocytes are
Respuesta
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
in the WBC differential count the monocytes are
Respuesta
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
bleeding time is
Respuesta
-
1-12ng.ml
-
2-5min
-
11-14s
-
2.0-4.5g.l
-
136-151mmol.l
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
which hormones reduced erythropoiesis
Respuesta
-
androgens
-
growth hormones
-
glucocorticoids
-
estrogens
-
erythropoietin
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
erythropoiesis stimulating factors are
Respuesta
-
erythropoietin
-
vitB12 and folic acid
-
iron
-
testosterone
-
all of the above
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
the valency of iron in the hem group is
Pregunta 118
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
the plasma of blood type A contains
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
the plasma of blood type B contains
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
the plasma of blood type 0 contains
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
the lymphatic system is one of the main pathways for the absorption of
Respuesta
-
lipids
-
carbohydrates
-
proteins
-
water
-
micronutrients