20325664
Descripción
Test por Emily Doyle, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Emily Doyle
hace más de 4 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion include
which solute?
Respuesta
-
Sodium and water retention
-
Sodium retention and water loss
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c. Sodium dilution and water retention
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Sodium dilution and water loss
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion?
Respuesta
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Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach
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Taking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis
-
Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago
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Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome
of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
Respuesta
-
Hypernatremia and urine hypoosmolality
-
. Serum potassium (K+) level of 5 mEq/L and urine hyperosmolality compared to serum
-
Serum sodium (Na+) level of 120 mEq/L and serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg
-
Serum potassium (K+) of 2.8 mEq/L and serum hyperosmolality
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What is diabetes insipidus a result of?
Respuesta
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Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion
-
Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion
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Insulin hyposecretion
-
Insulin hypersecretion
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A patient who is diagnosed with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.
Electrolytes are within normal limits, but the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.
Although the patient has had no intake for 4 hours, no change in the polyuria level has occurred. What treatment or diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the
patient for?
Respuesta
-
Administration of desmopressin
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Serum copeptin testing
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Insulin administration
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Renal angiogram
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A patient is having a water deprivation test. The patient’s initial weight was 220 pounds (100 kg). The next weight is 209 pounds (95 kg). What action by the healthcare professional is
most appropriate?
Respuesta
-
Stop the water deprivation test.
-
Administer salt tablets.
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Continue with the test as planned.
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Take the patient’s blood glucose.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Respuesta
-
Anterior pituitary tumor
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Thalamus hypofunction
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Posterior pituitary trauma
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Renal tubule disease
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI) will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?
Respuesta
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Neurogenic
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Nephrogenic
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Psychogenic
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Ischemic
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which laboratory value is consistent with diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Respuesta
-
Low urine-specific gravity
-
Low serum sodium
-
Low urine protein
-
High serum total protein
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A patient has nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI). What treatment does the healthcare professional anticipate for this patient?
Respuesta
-
Exogenous ADH replacement
-
Intranasal desmopressin
-
Water and sodium restriction
-
Loop diuretic administration
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
Respuesta
-
Hypothyroidism
-
Hypercortisolism
-
Diabetes insipidus
-
Insulin hyposecretion
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
A healthcare professional reads a chart that notes the patient has panhypopituitarism. What does the professional understand that term to mean?
Respuesta
-
The patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland.
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The patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the lateral pituitary gland.
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The patient has total adrenocorticoptropic hormone deficiency.
-
The patient has a dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland due to a tumor.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of what?
Respuesta
-
Liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm
-
Pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes
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Pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm
-
Pressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
A patient has an enlarged tongue, body odor, rough skin, and coarse hair. Which laboratory result does the healthcare professional associate with this presentation?
Respuesta
-
Decreased blood glucose
-
Increased growth hormone
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Decreased ACTH
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Increased TSH
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A patient has acromegaly. What assessment by the healthcare professional would be most important?
Respuesta
-
Skin condition
-
Sleep patterns
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Bowel function
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Range of motion
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Why does giantism occur only in children and adolescents?
Respuesta
-
Their growth hormones are still diminished.
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Their epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
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Their skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed.
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Their metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A patient chart notes the patient has amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteoporosis.
What diagnostic test would the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?
Respuesta
-
Water deprivation test
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Hemoglobin A1C
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CT scan of the head
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Ovarian biopsy
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What does Graves’ disease develop from?
Respuesta
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A viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone
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An autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue
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A thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
-
An ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis?
Respuesta
-
Constipation with gastric distention
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Bradycardia and bradypnea
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Hyperthermia and tachycardia
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Constipation and lethargy
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which pathologic changes are associated with Graves’ disease?
Respuesta
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High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins
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Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
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High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
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Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
A healthcare professional is palpating the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves’ disease.
What finding would the professional associate with this disorder?
Respuesta
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Parathyroids left of midline
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Thyroid small with discrete nodules
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Parathyroids normal in size
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Thyroid diffusely enlarged
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the
person to include in the diet?
Respuesta
-
Iron
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Iodine
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Zinc
-
Magnesium
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
A patient has a suspected thyroid carcinoma. What diagnostic test does the healthcare
professional prepare the patient for?
Respuesta
-
Measurement of serum thyroid levels
-
Radioisotope scanning
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Ultrasonography
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Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
Respuesta
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Primary
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Secondary
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Exogenous
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Inflammatory
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?
Respuesta
-
TSH and T4
-
Serum sodium
-
Serum calcium
-
Urine osmolality
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum
potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has
been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?
Respuesta
-
Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.
-
Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.
-
Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.
-
Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?
Respuesta
-
Formation of ketones
-
Chronic insulin resistance
-
Elevation in serum glucose
-
Increase in antidiuretic hormone
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The
professors’ response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?
Respuesta
-
Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
-
Need for lifelong insulin injections
-
Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas
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Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experienced an episode of hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The healthcare professional teaches the person that what is the most probable cause of these symptoms?
Respuesta
-
Hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration
-
Dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime
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Hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise
-
Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which serum glucose level would indicate hypoglycemia in a newborn?
Respuesta
-
28 mg/dL
-
40 mg/dL
-
60 mg/dL
-
80 mg/dL
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Respuesta
-
Fluid loss
-
Weight loss
-
Increased serum glucose
-
Kussmaul respirations
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with what?
Respuesta
-
The Somogyi effect
-
The dawn phenomenon
-
Diabetic ketoacidosis
-
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?
Respuesta
-
More frequent blood glucose monitoring
-
Moderate dietary sodium restriction
-
Treatment with an ACE inhibitor
-
Home blood pressure monitoring
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which classification of oral hypoglycemic drugs decreases hepatic glucose production and
increases insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake?
Respuesta
-
Biguanide (metformin)
-
Sulfonylureas (glyburide)
-
Meglitinides (glinides)
-
α-Glycosidase inhibitor (miglitol)
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Respuesta
-
The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow.
-
Pressure in capillaries increases as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water.
-
The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops.
-
Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A healthcare professional advises a person with diabetes mellitus to have an annual eye exam.
When the person asks why this is necessary, the professional states that retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because of what reason?
Respuesta
-
Plaques of lipids develop in the retinal vessels.
-
Pressure in the retinal vessels increase as a result of increased osmotic pressure.
-
Ketones cause microaneurysms in the retinal vessels.
-
Retinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation occur.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these?
Respuesta
-
Previous thyroid surgery
-
Urine osmolality
-
Serum electrolytes
-
Use of glucocorticoids
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Muscle spasms
-
Tonic-clonic seizures
-
Laryngeal spasms
-
Hyporeflexia
-
Asphyxiation
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications
in which areas? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Eyes
-
Coronary arteries
-
Renal system
-
Peripheral vascular system
-
Nerves
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Intolerance to heat
-
Restlessness
-
Constipation
-
Bradycardia
-
Lethargy
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