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The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall

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University Functional Anatomy and Embryology Test sobre The Kidneys and Posterior Abdominal Wall, creado por Charlotte Jakes el 22/04/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
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Charlotte Jakes
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.
Image:
Posterior+Abdominal+Wall+Muscles (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas minor
  • Psoas major
  • Iliacus

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the QUADRATUS LUMBORUM muscle. ORIGIN: [blank_start]iliac crest[blank_end] INSERTION: transverse processes of [blank_start]L1-L4[blank_end] and inferior border of the [blank_start]12th[blank_end] rib INNERVATION: anterior rami of [blank_start]T12-L4[blank_end]
Image:
Quadratus+Lumborum (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • iliac crest
  • iliac fossa
  • pectineal line
  • L1-L4
  • L1-L5
  • T12-L3
  • 12th
  • 11th
  • T12-L4
  • L1-L3
  • L4 and L5

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle. ORIGIN: transverse processes and [blank_start]vertebral bodies[blank_end] of [blank_start]T12-L5[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]lesser trochanter[blank_end] of the femur INNERVATION: anterior rami of [blank_start]L1-L3[blank_end]
Image:
Psoas+Major (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • vertebral bodies
  • spinous processes
  • T12-L5
  • T12-L4
  • L1-L5
  • lesser trochanter
  • greater trochanter
  • soleal line
  • L1-L3
  • L2-L4
  • T12-L3

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the PSOAS MINOR muscle. ORIGIN: [blank_start]vertebral bodies[blank_end] of T12 and L1 INSERTION: [blank_start]pectineal line[blank_end] of the [blank_start]pubis[blank_end] INNERVATION: anterior ramus of [blank_start]L1[blank_end]
Image:
Psoas+Minor (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • vertebral bodies
  • transverse processes
  • spinous processes
  • pectineal line
  • pubis
  • ischium
  • ilium
  • L1
  • L1 + L2
  • L1-L3

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct muscles to describe the origin, insertion and innervation of the ILIACUS muscle. ORIGIN: iliac [blank_start]fossa[blank_end] and [blank_start]anterior inferior iliac spine[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]lesser trochanter[blank_end] of the femur INNERVATION: femoral nerve [blank_start](L2-L4)[blank_end]
Image:
Iliacus (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • fossa
  • crest
  • anterior inferior iliac spine
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • lesser trochanter
  • greater trochanter
  • soleal line
  • (L2-L4)
  • (L1-L4)
  • (L1-L5)

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column as well as fixture of the 12th rib during inspiration?
Respuesta
  • Iliacus
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Quadratus lumborum

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip as well as lateral flexion of the vertebral column?
Respuesta
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Iliacus

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to be responsible only for flexion of the vertebral column (when it is present, that is)?
Respuesta
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Iliacus
  • Quadratus lumborum

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall is likely to only be responsible for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?
Respuesta
  • Iliacus
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Quadratus lumborum

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The psoas major muscle of the posterior abdominal wall runs deep to the inguinal ligament to insert at the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Why can infection in the psoas sheath surrounding the psoas major muscle give the appearance of an inguinal hernia?
Respuesta
  • This can cause swelling of the iliopsoas bursa which occurs inferior to the inguinal ligament
  • This can cause swelling of the iliopsoas bursa which occurs superior to the inguinal ligament
  • This can cause the Camper's fascia to hypertrophy
  • This can cause the psoas major muscle to hypertrophy

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is the fascia of the posterior abdominal wall continuous with?
Respuesta
  • The transversalis fascia
  • The Camper's fascia
  • The Scarpa's fascia
  • The thoracolumbar fascia

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
How many layers of the thoracolumbar fascia, occurring in the posterior abdominal wall, are there?
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 4

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracolumbar fascia in its layers in this transverse section.
Image:
Thoracolumbar+Fascia (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Psoas major
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Internal oblique
  • External oblique
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Anterior layer
  • Middle layer
  • Posterior layer
  • Erector spinae

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Where does the centre of the hilum of the right kidney lie?
Respuesta
  • Just below the transpyloric plane
  • L1
  • L2
  • T12

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Where does the centre of the hilum of the left kidney lie?
Respuesta
  • L1
  • T12
  • L2
  • Just below the transpyloric plane

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The superior poles of both kidneys reach the 11th rib.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Why is the right kidney positioned lower in the abdomen than the left kidney?
Respuesta
  • The liver
  • The stomach
  • The duodenum
  • The right lung

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Which of the following will be anterior relations of the RIGHT kidney?
Respuesta
  • Right suprarenal gland
  • Duodenum
  • Hepatic flexure of the colon
  • Liver
  • Stomach
  • Tail of pancreas
  • Jejunum

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Which of the following will be anterior relations of the LEFT kidney?
Respuesta
  • Left suprarenal gland
  • Splenorenal ligament
  • Tail of pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum
  • Splenic flexure the colon
  • Duodenum
  • Liver
  • Head of pancreas

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Which of the following MUSCLES will be posterior relations of both kidneys
Respuesta
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Erector spinae
  • Iliacus

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of fat and fascia surrounding the kidney.
Image:
Kidnye+Sheath (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Kidney
  • Renal capsule
  • Perirenal fat
  • Renal fascia
  • Pararenal fat

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Which of these occurs between the renal capsule and renal fascia?
Respuesta
  • Perirenal fat
  • Pararenal fat

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Which of these occurs outside of the renal fascia?
Respuesta
  • Perirenal fat
  • Pararenal fat

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of fat and fascia around the kidney.
Image:
Perienal+Fat (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Peritoneum
  • Pararenal fat
  • Renal fascia
  • Perirenal fat
  • Renal capsule

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the internal anatomy of the kidney.
Image:
Kidney+Internal (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Minor calyx
  • Renal sinus
  • Papilla
  • Renal pelvis
  • Major calyx
  • Renal column
  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Capsule
  • Renal artery
  • Renal vein
  • Ureter
  • Renal hilum

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the course of drainage of urine from the kidney. 1. The [blank_start]papillae[blank_end] of the [blank_start]renal pyramids[blank_end] contain the ends of the [blank_start]collecting ducts[blank_end]. 2. These open up into [blank_start]minor calyces[blank_end] which merge to form [blank_start]major calyces[blank_end]. 3. These merge to form the [blank_start]renal pelvis[blank_end]. 4. This leaves the hilum [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] to the blood vessels and becomes the [blank_start]ureter[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • papillae
  • renal pyramids
  • collecting ducts
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • posterior
  • anterior
  • ureter

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Which tissue of the kidney forms the renal pyramids?
Respuesta
  • Medulla
  • Cortex
  • Capsule
  • SInuses

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.
Image:
Nephron (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Bowman's capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Descending limb of loop of Henle
  • Ascending limb of loop of Henle
  • Collecting duct
  • Distal convoluted tubule

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Where do the renal arteries branch off the aorta?
Respuesta
  • Just below the superior mesenteric artery
  • Just below the coeliac trunk
  • Just below the inferior mesenteric artery
  • At the level of the superior mesenteric artery

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The kidney develops embryologically as 5 lobes, each with its own artery. Later these lobes merge but the 5 arteries remain as branches of the renal arteries.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Do the interlobular arteries of the kidney anastamose with one another?
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The right renal artery crosses the vena cava posteriorly.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Which is true of the renal artery once it enters the renal hilum?
Respuesta
  • Forms an anterior and posterior division each of which divides into 5 segmental arteries
  • Forms a superior and inferior division each of which divides into 5 segmental arteries
  • Forms an anterior and posterior division which together form 5 segmental arteries
  • Forms a superior and inferior division which together form 5 segmental arteries

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Which of the segmental arteries of the kidney will arise from the anterior division of the renal artery?
Respuesta
  • Superior segmental artery
  • Anterior superior segmental artery
  • Anterior inferior segmental artery
  • Inferior segmental artery
  • Posterior segmental artery

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Which of the following segmental arteries will the posterior divison of the renal artery continue as?
Respuesta
  • The superior segmental artery
  • The anterior superior segmental artery
  • The anterior inferior segmental artery
  • The inferior segmental artery
  • The posterior segmental artery

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Which arteries of the kidney are found either side of each renal pyramid?
Respuesta
  • Segmental arteries
  • Interlobar arteries
  • Arcuate arteries
  • Interlobular arteries

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Which of the following arise from the interlobar arteries?
Respuesta
  • Arcuate arteries
  • Interlobular arteries
  • Afferent arterioles
  • Segmental arteries

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Which is true of the interlobular arteries of the kidney?
Respuesta
  • They arise at 90 degrees to the arcuate arteries
  • The arise from the afferent arterioles
  • They arise at 90 degrees to the interlobar arteries
  • They form the glomerulus

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply to the kidney.
Image:
Arterial+Supply+To+Kidney (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Interlobular arteries
  • Arcuate arteries
  • Superior segmental artery
  • Anterior superior segmental artery
  • Posterior segmental artery
  • Posterior branch of renal artery
  • Anterior inferior segmental artery
  • Interlobar arteries
  • Inferior segmental artery
  • Branch of renal pelvis
  • Ureteric branch of renal artery
  • Right renal artery
  • Anterior branch of renal artery
  • Inferior suprarenal artery

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Which renal vein, which drains the kidney directly into the inferior vena cava, is longer?
Respuesta
  • The right renal vein
  • The left renal vein

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Lymph from the kidneys drains into the para-aortic lymph nodes. Where are these found?
Respuesta
  • At the origin of the renal arteries
  • At the coeliac trunk
  • At the inferior mesenteric artery
  • At the common iliac arteries

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys?
Respuesta
  • Vagus nerve
  • The renal plexus
  • T10-L2
  • L1 and L2

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The renal plexus occurs around the renal arteries. Where do its sympathetic fibres arise from?
Respuesta
  • T10-L2
  • T12-L2
  • T9-L1
  • T9-L2

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The kidneys are mostly regulated by hormones, not nervous innervation.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arterial supply of the ureters as they descend in the abdomen.
Image:
Ureter+Blood+Supply (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Aorta
  • Renal artery
  • Inferior suprarenal artery
  • Ureter
  • Gonadal artery
  • Common iliac artery
  • External iliac artery
  • Internal iliac artery
  • From vesical artery, uterine artery etc

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Where do the ureters cross the pelvic inlet to enter the pelvic cavity?
Respuesta
  • At the area of the sacroiliac joints
  • At the area of the ischial spines
  • At the sacral promontory
  • At the anterior superior iliac spine

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
What also occurs when the ureters cross the pelvic inlet and enter the pelvis?
Respuesta
  • They cross the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
  • They cross the internal iliac artery
  • The enter the bladder obliquely
  • They bifurcate

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
At what level do the ureters turn anteromedially to move in a transverse plane towards the bladder?
Respuesta
  • At the level of the ischial spines
  • At the level of the pelvic inlet
  • At the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
  • At the level of the anterior inferior iliac spine

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The ureters run posteriorly to the ovarian, uterine and superior vesical arteries.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
What do the ureters pass behind in males?
Respuesta
  • Vas deferens
  • Ductus deferns
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Testicular artery

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
Which spinal roots supply the ureters, causing pain from the ureters to be referred to the corresponding dermatomes?
Respuesta
  • T11-L2
  • T11-L3
  • T12 and L1
  • T10-L2

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
At what level does the ovarian artery cross over the ureters?
Respuesta
  • Level of the pelvic inlet
  • Level of the ischial spines
  • Level of the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
  • Level of the anterior superior iliac spine

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
The ureters are retroperitoneal.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The suprarenal glands are intraperitoneal.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Which suprarenal gland is pyramidal in shape whereas the other is semi-lunar?
Respuesta
  • Right suprarenal gland
  • Left suprarenal gland

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
In which of the following are the suprarenal glands enclosed?
Respuesta
  • Perirenal fascia
  • Perirenal fat
  • Pararenal fat
  • Renal capsule

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Which of the following separates the suprarenal glands from the kidneys?
Respuesta
  • Perirenal fat
  • Pararenal fat
  • Perirenal fascia
  • Renal capsule

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the structure of the suprarenal glands.
Image:
Adrenal+Gland+Baby (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Right suprarenal gland
  • Left suprarenal gland
  • Right kidney
  • Left kidney
  • Renal capsule (gross)
  • Cortex (gross)
  • Medulla (gross)
  • Renal capsule
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona reticularis
  • Adrenal medulla

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe which layers of the suprarenal glands secrete which hormones. The zona glomerulosa of the cortex secretes [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end] and other [blank_start]mineralocorticoids[blank_end]. The zona fasciculata of the cortex secretes [blank_start]cortisol[blank_end] and other [blank_start]corticosteroids[blank_end]. The zona reticularis of the cortex secretes [blank_start]testosterone[blank_end] and other [blank_start]steroid hormones[blank_end]. The adrenal medulla secretes [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end] and other [blank_start]catecholamines[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • aldosterone
  • mineralocorticoids
  • cortisol
  • corticosteroids
  • testosterone
  • steroid hormones
  • adrenaline
  • catecholamines

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Which of the following does the superior adrenal artery arise from?
Respuesta
  • Inferior phrenic artery
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Renal artery

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Which of the following does the middle suprarenal artery arise from?
Respuesta
  • Inferior phrenic artery
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Renal arteries

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Which of the following does the inferior adrenal artery arise from?
Respuesta
  • Inferior phrenic artery
  • Aorta
  • Renal arteries

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
The suprarenal glands are innervated by the coeliac plexus and greater splanchnic nerves.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Which spinal roots supply the sympathetic innervation of the suprarenal glands?
Respuesta
  • T10-L1
  • T12-L2
  • T10-L3
  • T10-L12

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Where does the lymph of the suprarenal glands drain to?
Respuesta
  • Lumbar nodes
  • Paraortic nodes
  • Pre-aortic nodes
  • Common iliac nodes
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