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Arthrology, Myology - Part 1 (b)

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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The pulse of the femoral artery is best felt at which superficial reference point?
Respuesta
  • Anterior to the ankle joint
  • Femoral triangle
  • Mid-thigh
  • Popliteal fossa
  • Right lateral portion of the hypogastrium

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
At which site could one expect to enter the femoral vein with a simple percutaneous (through the skin) introduction of an instrument?
Respuesta
  • Above the middle of the inguinal ligament
  • Lateral to the femoral arterial pulse
  • Lateral to the pubic tubercle
  • Medial to the femoral arterial pulse
  • Medial to the pubic tubercle

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What anterior thigh muscle must be retracted to expose the adductor canal and its contents?
Respuesta
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
  • Rectus femoris
  • Sartorius
  • Vastus intermedius

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
An obturator hernia that compresses the obturator nerve in the obturator canal may affect the function of all of the following muscles EXCEPT:
Respuesta
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Gracilis
  • Pectineus

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT located within the adductor canal?
Respuesta
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Femoral artery
  • Nerve to vastus medialis
  • Femoral vein
  • Deep femoral artery

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Inability to extend the knee and loss of cutaneous sensation over the anterior surface of the thigh would indicate a lesion or compression of the:
Respuesta
  • Superior gluteal nerve
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Which statement is true?
Respuesta
  • The femoral artery lies medial to the femoral vein
  • The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery
  • The external iliac veins join to form the inferior vena cava
  • The inferior vena cava cannot be imaged radiographically
  • A and C

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa (becoming the popliteal artery) by passing through the:
Respuesta
  • Adductor hiatus
  • Femoral canal
  • Femoral sheath
  • Femoral triangle
  • Saphenous opening

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly to enter the popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position deepest in the fossa, which structure is most vulnerable to laceration?
Respuesta
  • Common fibular n.
  • Lesser saphenous v.
  • Popliteal a.
  • Popliteal v.
  • Tibial n.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The deep femoral artery is the principle blood source for the muscles in which compartment of the thigh?
Respuesta
  • Anterior
  • Lateral (gluteal)
  • Medial (adductor)
  • Posterior (hamstring)

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
A fracture of the ishial tuberosity might be expected to most directly affect the muscles that produce which lower limb movement?
Respuesta
  • Abduction at the hip
  • Adduction at the hip
  • Extension at the knee
  • Flexion at the hip
  • Flexion at the knee

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
An elderly patient complains of difficulty in walking up stairs. Tests by her doctor reveal weakness in extension at her hip, but no change in hip flexion, or flexion or extension of the knee. Based upon these results, what muscle is most likely not functioning properly.
Respuesta
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Iliopsoas
  • Semitendinosus

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve?
Respuesta
  • Tibial
  • Superior gluteal
  • Inferior gluteal
  • Obturator
  • Femoral

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve comes from the:
Respuesta
  • Axillary nerve
  • Medial cord nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Ulnar nerve

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
In withdrawing a blood sample from the median cubital vein the needle passes slightly deep and medial; which nerve might possibly be injured?
Respuesta
  • Dorsal ulnar cutaneous
  • Lateral antebrachial cutaneous
  • Medial antebrachial cutaneous
  • Posterior antebrachial cutaneous
  • Superficial radial

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The vein of choice for withdrawing blood is the:
Respuesta
  • Basilic
  • Caphalic
  • Median antebrachial
  • Median cubital

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Which of the following statements for knee joint is true:
Respuesta
  • Is synovial joint:
  • Can only do flexion and extension
  • The knee cap (patella) takes part in this joint
  • Possesses synovial pockets called bursae
  • Medial meniscus gets 10 times more frequently injured.

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The following nerves are directly related to the humerus
Respuesta
  • The radial nerve
  • The median nerve
  • The ulnar nerve
  • The axillary (circumflex) nerve
  • The musculocutaneous nerve.

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The shaft of the humerus
Respuesta
  • Has the lateral head of the triceps muscle attached to its upper posterior part
  • Has a nutrient foramen directed downwards
  • Has the radial nerve posterior to it
  • Has the brachialis muscle attached to its anterior surface
  • In the adult contains red bone marrow

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The basilic vein
Respuesta
  • Begins on the medial side of the back of the wrist
  • Becomes deep about the middle of the upper arm
  • Ends by joining the subclavian
  • Is medial to the biceps muscle in the upper arm
  • Ends after piercing the clavipectoral fascia.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The upper end of the humerus
Respuesta
  • Has the subscapularis muscle attached to the greater tuberosity
  • Has the teres major muscle attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
  • Has three epiphyses which fuse separately with the shaft
  • Has the capsular ligament of the glenohumeral attached to the whole of the anatomical neck.
  • Is the growing end of the humerus

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
The cephalic vein
Respuesta
  • Begins in the region of the anatomical snuff box
  • At the elbow is deep to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
  • Ends by joining the brachial vein
  • Is medial to the biceps muscle in the upper arm
  • Has no valves

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The medial cord of the brachial plexus
Respuesta
  • Gives a branch to the pectoralis major muscle
  • Gives origin to the ulnar nerve
  • Forms part of the median nerve
  • Contains fibres of the fifth cervical spinal nerve
  • Lies medial to the axillary artery

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The axillary nerve
Respuesta
  • Has no cutaneous branches
  • Supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles
  • Passes backwards inferior to the teres major muscle
  • Contains fibres from the fifth and sixth cervical spinal nerves
  • Is medial to the long head of the triceps muscle.

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The pectoralis major muscle
Respuesta
  • Is attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
  • Is supplied by branches of the three cords of the brachial plexus
  • Is a lateral rotator of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint
  • Is involved in flexion of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint
  • Is used in climbing a rope by means of the upper limbs

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Respuesta
  • Contains fibres from only the seventh and eight cervical spinal nerves
  • Gives off a branch which joins the median nerve
  • Is posterior to the axillary artery
  • Gives off branches which supply the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles
  • Contains fibres which supply the muscles on the back of the forearm.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The deltoid muscle (or part of it) can be used in
Respuesta
  • Medial rotation of the upper arm at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
  • Abduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint
  • Lateral rotation of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint
  • Adduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint
  • Flexion of the upper arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The lower end of the humerus
Respuesta
  • Has part of the supinator muscle attached to it
  • Has the ulnar nerve running posterior to its lateral part
  • Usually has its four separate epiphyses by 12 years
  • Fuses with the shaft before the upper end fuses with the shaft
  • Has part of the pronator teres muscle attached to it.

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Flexion of the upper limb at the shoulder through 180' from the anatomical position
Respuesta
  • Requires the contraction of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle
  • Involves the contraction of the anterior part of the deltoid muscle
  • Involves a muscle supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve
  • Involves the contraction of the serratus anterior muscle
  • Involves muscles supplied mainly by the eight cervical spinal nerve

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
In the cubital (antecubital) fossa
Respuesta
  • The ulnar nerve is on the medial side
  • The radial nerve is on the lateral side
  • The median nerve passes downwards on the lateral side of the brachial artery
  • All the superficial veins are deep to the cutaneous nerves
  • The brachial artery is lateral to the tendon of the biceps muscles.

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The deltoid muscle
Respuesta
  • Is supplied solely by the axillary (circumflex) nerve
  • Is supplied solely by the sixth and seventh cervical spinal nerves
  • Is associated with contraction of the supraspinatus muscle in abduction of the upper arm at the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
  • Is attached to the posterior surface of the clavicle
  • Is attached to the humerus just distal to the lesser tuberosity.

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The femoral vein in the femoral triangle
Respuesta
  • Is medial to the femoral artery
  • Is lateral to the femoral canal
  • Directly receives the greater (long) saphenous vein
  • Directly receives the superficial epigastric vein
  • Directly receives the profunda femoris vein.

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
The following muscles are inserted into the greater trochanter of femur EXCEPT:
Respuesta
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator externus

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
The adductor (subsartorial) canal
Respuesta
  • Is bounded laterally by the vastus lateralis muscle
  • Contains the profunda femoris vessels
  • Contains a large arterial branch which takes part in the anastomosis round the knee joint
  • Contains the nerve to the vastus medialis muscle
  • Contains the saphenous nerve

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The femoral canal
Respuesta
  • Is the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath
  • Contains some lymph vessels
  • At its proximal end its posterior to the inguinal ligament
  • At the proximal end is medial to the femoral vein
  • Contains the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The obturator nerve:
Respuesta
  • Has an anterior branch which is anterior to the adductor longus muscle
  • Supplies both the hip and knee joints
  • Has no cutaneous branches
  • Has a posterior branch which supplies the obturator externus muscle
  • Is lateral to the ureter in the pelvis

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
The piriformis muscle
Respuesta
  • Is attached to the greater trochanter
  • Emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
  • Is a lateral rotator of the thigh at the hip
  • Is inferior to the gluteus medius in the buttock
  • Has the sciatic nerve emerging inferior to its lower border

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
The femoral nerve
Respuesta
  • Continues as a cutaneous branch which runs along the lateral border of the foot
  • Supplies the iliacus
  • Supplies the pectineus muscle
  • Supplies the obturator externus muscle
  • Lies within the femoral sheath

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
The deep fascia of the thigh
Respuesta
  • Is attached to the inguinal ligament
  • Is deep to the great (long) saphenous vein
  • Transmits only veins
  • Receives the insertion of the whole of the tensor fasciae latae muscle
  • Contains the saphenous opening which is situated 3cm below and medial to the pubic tubercle.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
The biceps femoris muscle
Respuesta
  • Has a common origin with the semitendinosus muscle from the ischial tuberosity
  • Has a short head which is attached to the femur medial to the attached of the adductor magnus muscle
  • Is entirely innervated by the common peroneal (lateral popliteal) nerve
  • Is superficial to the common peroneal nerve
  • Is a lateral rotator of the leg on the thigh when the leg is fully extended at the knee joint

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
With regard to the quadriceps femoris muscle
Respuesta
  • The rectus femoris has one attachment to the hip bone.
  • The vastus intermedius is attached to the medial surface of the femur
  • The vastus lateralis has fleshy fibres extending more distally than those of the vastus medialis
  • The lowermost fibres of the vastus medialis are vertically arranged
  • Its nerve supply comes from the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves.
  • None of the above (option not included on the test)

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The gluteus maximus muscle
Respuesta
  • Is attached to the introchanteric line of the femur
  • Is attached to the iliotibial tract
  • Is an extensor of the trunk on the lower limb
  • Contracts during normal walking on flat ground
  • Contracts during normal walking upstairs.

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
The femoral nerve
Respuesta
  • Gives directly or indirectly branches to the hip and knee joints
  • Gives branches to the quadriceps femoris muscle
  • Gives off the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Originates from the second, third and fourth lumbar spinal nerves
  • Lies between the psoas and iliacus muscle external to the fascia iliiaca

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
The popliteal artery
Respuesta
  • Is anterior to the popliteal vein
  • Is anterior to the tibial (medial popliteal nerve)
  • Is anterior to the popliteus muscle
  • Divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries at the lower border of the popliteus muscle
  • Is lateral to the semimembranosus muscle

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The psoas major muscle
Respuesta
  • Is innervated by the anterior primary rami of the first three lumbar spinal nerves
  • Is attached to the lesser trochanter
  • Is an extensor of the thigh at the hip
  • Is lateral to the femoral nerve
  • In its upper part is posteromedial to the ureter.

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The femoral triangle
Respuesta
  • Is bounded below and medially by the adductor brevis muscle
  • Has a floor formed by the iliacus muscle, the psoas major tendon, the pectineus muscle and adductor longus muscle
  • Contains the femoral vessels with the femoral nerve medial to them
  • Is roofed over by the fascia lata of the thigh
  • Contains the obturator nerve

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
The right gluteus medius muscle
Respuesta
  • Is attached to the lateral side of the greater trochanter
  • Is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
  • Is essential for normal walking on flat ground
  • Is an abductor of the thigh at the hip
  • Is usually contracted when standing on the right lower limb.

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The femoral artery
Respuesta
  • Is anterior to the femoral vein in the upper part of the adductor (subsartorial) canal
  • Passes through the adductor longus muscle
  • Is deep to the adductor brevis muscle
  • Has no branches in the adductor canal
  • Lies behind psoas major on the capsule of the hip joint

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The obturator nerve
Respuesta
  • Arises from the second, third and fourth lumbar nerves
  • Lies above the obturator vessels on the lateral wall of the pelvis
  • Supplies the obturator internus muscle
  • Has no sensory branches
  • Supplies the gracilis muscle

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
The deltoid
Respuesta
  • Initiates abduction of the shoulder
  • Has an extensive range of action because it is multipennate
  • Is supplied by the radial nerve
  • Inserts into a rough elevation on lateral aspect of humerus
  • Together with the head of humerus, it is responsible for the characteristic roundness of the shoulder

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The axillary artery
Respuesta
  • Begins at the upper border of the clavicle
  • Terminates as it crosses the inferior border of pectoralis minor
  • Is contained in the axillary sheath
  • Has the median nerve anterior to its proximal third
  • Has the radial nerve behind its distal third

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
The biceps brachii:
Respuesta
  • Flexes both the shoulder and the elbow joints
  • Both supinates and pronates the forearm
  • Short head arises from clavicle
  • Tendon of long head is partially enclosed in synovial membrane
  • Is supplied by the median nerve

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
In the adult vertebral column
Respuesta
  • The primary curves are in the thoracic and sacral region.
  • There is more flexion and extension in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region
  • There is more rotation about a longitudinal axis in the thoracic region than in the lumbar region
  • The transverse processes are posterior to the articular processes in all the vertebrae
  • The shape of the intervertebral discs contributes to the secondary curves
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